چکیده:
The oil price shocks are an important source that affect on TOT in both oil exporting and importing countries. Hence, this paper compares the effects of real oil price shock on TOT in both oil importing and exporting countries, using Panel Data technique and during 1980-2010. To the best of our knowledge, we applied the nonlinear approach in order to assess the asymmetric impact of the oil price shocks on TOT. The results show that the oil price shocks influenced the TOT in the oil exporting and importing countries, differently. So that, in oil exporting countries, positive (negative) oil price shocks have significantly positive (negative) effect on their TOT, while in oil importing countries, positive (negative) oil price shocks have significantly a negative (positive) effect on TOT. Furthermore, the findings reveal that in the oil exporting countries, the effect of negative oil price shocks on TOT is more than positive oil price shocks. While, in oil importing countries, it is converse.Given that improvement in efficiency is a major resource to economic development, this can be applied to each domestic sector of an economy. The objective of this paper is to measure technical efficiency of the Iranian Post Company across the country’s provinces using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The ranking of technical efficiency has been calculated by using collected data on post offices across 32 Iranian provinces in 2011 based on assumption of constant return to scale imposed. The study has specified two models of DEA to explore efficiency of post offices for all Iranian provinces. The first model has shown that provinces of Alborz, Semnan, Mazandaran, Isfahan, Tehran and Bushehr are technically efficient, while the second model has clarified the efficient units, which have been located in the 13th, 14th and 19th zones of Tehran province and the 16th zone of Bushehr province.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Hence, this paper compares the effects of real oil price shock on TOT in both oil importing and exporting countries, using Panel Data technique and during 1980-2010.
The empirical literature has provided quantitative measures of the impact of oil price shocks on macroeconomic variables such as the growth rate of GDP and the inflation rate (Hamilton 1983; Leduc and Sill, 2004), employment (Lee and Ni, 2002), the stock market (Kilian and Park, 2009), and external balances (Kilian et al, 2009).
But, the empirical studies in order to investigate the asymmetric effect of oil price on the TOT, is still scarce, in both oil importing and exporting countries.
Hence, this paper provide an empirical study to show the asymmetric effect of oil price on the TOT in both oil exporting and importing countries, during 1980-2010.
Despite this fact that oil exporting countries have experienced large and major fluctuations as a result of oil shocks, great body of researches have analyzed the impacts of oil price variations in the developed oil importing countries and specially US economy (Jimenez-Rodriguez and Sanchez, 2005); such that only a limited number of studies have focused on oil exporting countries (Berument et al.
3. Data and Methodology This paper evaluates asymmetric effects of the real oil price on the TOT in 42 net oil exporting and importing countries, separately.
Overall, the empirical results reported in this table paper has compares the effects of real oil price shock on TOT in both oil importing and exporting countries during 1980-2010."