چکیده:
In this article، it is tried to answer two fundamental questions about Islamic attitude in International Relations. First، is there any reality outside of Human mind from Islam view and can human intellect come to understand the real categories? Second is that، is International Relations a real and incontestable issue? If yes، can the intellectual knowledge and understanding of this category be the religious understanding base of International Relations? To answer these questions، among the available different faiths in Islamic and Shi’ism thought، we used the realistic attitude of Allame Tabatabaee and Ayatollah Motahari which they themselves call realism too. It is obvious that the concept of realism in their attitude is different with the current concept of realism among the theories of International Relations for which scientists like Morgenta and Walts are its deputies. This thinking school is concomitant and consistent with a kind of intellectualistic juristic attitude which considers an absolute argumentum for Intellect to understand juristic decrees. Then، It is showed that this attitude believes، not only in the existence of reality and the capability of intellect to comprehend it، but also they believe that the intellectual understanding of human from these incontestable phenomena is the main base for religious knowledge. In the last part of this article، along with a brief review of Modern International Relations foundations، it is showed that the entirety of International Relations and its foundations like nations-states، International organizations and International economy are incontestable issues which are developed in the last two decades and were not existed in lawgiver era and the Islamic attitude is dependent on their intellectual understanding and judgment in new condition.
خلاصه ماشینی:
نخست آنکه آيا از ديد اسلام واقعيتي خارج از ذهن انسـان وجـود دارد و آيـا ميتوان با عقل انساني به فهم مقولات واقعي دست يافت ؟ و دوم آنکه آيـا روابـط بـين الملـل امري واقع و مستحدث است ؟ در اين صورت آيا شناخت عقلي از اين مقوله مـيتوانـد مبنـا و اساس فهم ديني از روابط بين الملل باشد؟ براي پاسخگويي به اين پرسش در ميان نحله هـاي مختلف انديشۀ اسلامي و شيعي، از نگرش واقع گرايانۀ علامـه طباطبـايي و آيـت الله مطهـري استفاده کردهايم که خودشان آن را رئاليسم خواندهاند.
اينجاست که اهميت پرسش دوم ما در اين مقاله روشن ميشود که با توجه به اين آموزهها آيا ميتوان روابط بين الملل را به طور کلي يک واقعيت موجود در خارج از ذهن انسان دانست که امکان فهم آن با عقل انساني هست ؟ و آيا اين يک موضوع جديد است که بايد با کمک عقل (و نه فقط به کمک قواعد حاکم بر آن ) حکم شرعي نسبت به آن را درک کرد؟ زيرا اگر دريابيم که اين مقوله اي جديد و امري مستحدث است که عامل زمان و مکان در شکل گرفتن اين پديدة نو مؤثر بوده است ، شناخت عقلايي و علمي ما از اين پديده ميتواند در نوع نگرش اسلامي به آن تعيين کننده باشد.
Grifith,Martin (2008)International Relations: The Key Concepts (Second ed)New York: Routledge.