چکیده:
Structural changes were the main focus of many studies in recent years. Changes
which alter the socio-economic status of a nation from deprived and traditional
nature to a developed and modern one. The main hypothesis of this study is that,
the economic development does not occur through a regular flow of life (linear
fashion), and without resilience, but it certainly needs to pass through a
momentum and exceed a minimum threshold. We apply catastrophe and other theories
to show the nonlinearity and jump in the economic growth path.
Empirical results of the catastrophe models imply that sudden jumps and
nonlinearity is a case for NICs economic growth. The CUSP model is a superior
one among the other catastrophe models which verifies the nonlinearity of the
growth path. In addition to more than 500 regressions with different control
variables in each regression for individual countries, some panel regression for
all countries data confirms validity of individual results. Chaos models in
logistic form results in negative Lyapunov exponent but not significant
statistically which can''''t be reliable. However, Lyapunov exponent estimation by
means of Matlab gives negative exponent that are reliable for some of the
countries. Terasvirta and White nonlinearity test reject linearity in growth
path for Singapore and Thailand. Also jump test agree with our hypothesis which
involve with existence of sudden jumps in growth path for all of NICs.
Having these results, the policy prescriptions for LDCs could be; targeting
nonlinear growth path in development plans, and appealing to foreign resources
as well as constructive changes in institutions, polity and incentive structure.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"Empirical results of the catastrophe models imply that sudden jumps and nonlinearity is a case for NICs economic growth.
Also jump test agree with our hypothesis which involve with existence of sudden jumps in growth path for all of NICs. Having these results, the policy prescriptions for LDCs could be; targeting nonlinear growth path in development plans, and appealing to foreign resources as well as constructive changes in institutions, polity and incentive structure.
In this paper, the first development is about the entering and testing the significance of the industry share variable of value added in the growth model.
Table 1: Catastrophe Elementary Equations Type Name Control dimension Behavior dimension Function Cuspoid Fold 1 1 Cusp 2 1 Swallowtail 3 1 Butterfly 4 1 Wigwam 5 1 Umbilic Elliptic 3 2 Hyperbolic 3 2 Parabolic 4 2 Second hyperbolic 5 2 Second hyperbolic 5 2 Symbolic 5 2 Source: Poston & Stewart 1976, p.
In formulation of economic phenomena by means of cusp catastrophe model, control variables can be institutional change, technological change, cultural change, external shocks (such as huge rainfall in agrarian economies), foreign aid, foreign direct investment, export, industrial exports, R&D expenditure, and some other socio - economic variables are among the most susceptible proxies for control variables .
After estimation of catastrophe models, nonlinearity and discontinuity of growth will be tested by neural networks and chaos models.
Results of individual regressions for NICs in the form of catastrophe models confirm nonlinearity and discontinuities."