چکیده:
Over the last decades, there has been a debate on the founder of Islamic economics. Researchers have nominated scholars such as Sayyie Abu Ala Maududi (1903-1979), as the father of Islamic economics. The current paper is devoted to the evaluation of such claims. Considering the contributions of Shahid Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr (1935-1980) to Islamic economics, it is reasonable to conjecture that he deserves to be called the father of Islamic economics. The results of the study show that Sadr deserves such a title because he was the first one to introduce the Islamic economic system in contrast with capitalistic, socialistic and mixed economic systems. He also improved the methodology of Islamic economics by introducing the discovery method.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"These cover a number of areas including interdisciplinary development approach; property rights; division of labor and specialization; the importance of saving and investment for development; the role that both demand and supply play in the determination of prices and the factors that influence demand and supply; the roles of money, exchange, and the market mechanism; characteristics of money, counterfeiting, currency debasement, and Gresham’s law; the development of checks, letters of credit and banking; labor supply and population; the role of the state, justice, peace, and stability in development; and principles of taxation.
In step with Ibn Khaldun and other Muslim scholars such as al-Maqrizi and Waliyullah combined moral, political, social and economic factors to explain the economic phenomena of their times and the rise and fall of their societies (Chapra, 2008a).
Many Muslim Scholars have paid attention to the great contributions of Shahid Sadr into Islamic Economics.
Advancing the philosophical foundations of an Islamic economic system, Shahid Sadr introduces the plan of Islam for organizing the economy and solving economic problems according to the teachings of Quran and Sunnah.
Analyzing the principles of justice and social balance in Islamic economics, Shahid Sadr came up with the introduction of work (economic labor) and need as two main criteria for distribution and redistribution of income after production (Sadr, 1980, p 303).
In the Islamic theory of post-production distribution, Shahid Sadr argues, the return to each factor of production is as follows: a) Labor: wage or share of profit b) Land: rent (or share of crop) c) Money capital: share of profit d) tools/physical capital: rent/compensation.
The discovery methodology was introduced by Shahid Sadr as a way for discovering the doctrinal principles of Islamic economics."