خلاصه ماشینی:
"In the present article, the fundamental principles of special criminal proceedings for children are examined both in the common and international laws, comparing them with the established Iranian penal code.
Key words: special criminal proceedings for children, special courts for children, preliminary investigations, expediting the procedure, trial behind closed doors, pre-trial detention The Liabilities of a Physician in Islamic Jurisprudence and Law Sorour Mirhashemi Researcher Article 319 of the Islamic criminal code of Iran, which has been based upon Islamic divine law, says: “Whenever a physician, although skillful and proficient in his treatments which are personally done or orders them to be done even with the permission of the patient or his parents, causes the death or disability or financial damages, will be liable.
” But in paragraph 2 of Article 59 of the above-mentioned law it has been required that: “In any type of surgery or medical treatment, the permission of which has been given by the patient or his parents or guardians or any of their legal representatives, is not considered to be a criminal act, and in urgent circumstances obtaining consent is not necessary.
In consideration of this, it is necessary to examine the issue of the minor’s transactions, their validity in view of the common law along with other factors relevant to it; amendments are needed on some civil law articles regarding partly physical maturity and growth and partly the age of the former – notwithstanding the role of the two in the minor’s financial authority."