خلاصه ماشینی:
Grammar: Criteria of Adequacy and Language Universals Dr. Mohammad Ali Torabi* Abstract In this paper we have tried to examine a number of criteria of adequacy for grammars (and for the linguistic theories associated with them).
We have argued that grammars should attain not only observational, but also descriptive adequacy; and we went on to argue that linguistic theories must attain the higher level of explanatory adequacy.
In order to achieve this goal, the linguistic theory must be universally valid, psychologically real and maximally constrained.
In section 2 we have argued that only maximally constrained theory of language can lead to the development of an adequate theory of language acquisition.
We have discussed the innateness hypothesis and have argued that U.
G. is a theory of the “ initial state “ of the language faculty prior to any language experience ; and the goal of linguistic description is to postulate general traits and tendencies in all languages on the basis of studies on grammars of individual languages.
In section 3 we have discussed The Theory of Marked ness and The Theory of Core Grammar, suggesting that U.
We have argued that the concept of Universal Grammar is based on the assumption of an unmarked Core Grammar.
Through actualization of the rules and constraints in individual languages, the specific grammar is developed on the basis of U.
G. Key words: adequacy, observational, descriptive, explanative, structure- dependence principle, blueprint, innate, universal, core grammar __________________________________ * - Assistant professor of Tabriz University.