خلاصه ماشینی:
LOWER-CLASS UPRISINGS IN THE MUGHAL EMPIRE HE history of India during the Muslim pen·.
One of the chief tasks, therefore, facing the modem Indian historian is to broaden historiography so that it may include other aspects of the life of the upper class, becoming a true social and cultural history of the aristoc• racy instead of merely a court chronicle ; and also, perhaps even more important, so to broaden it that it may include too something of the life of the other classes of society.
Those who have denied it in practice by writing history books or articles or doctorate theses in which the common man does not figure, have done so usually either by ignoring the issue, or on the plea that only for the upper class is source material available.
2. Tuzuk-i-Baburi, in Elliot & Dowson: The History of India as told by its own Historians, Vol. IV, p.
1 It may also be pointed out for India that, in Mughal times, no class revolt attained significant proportions that did not have a religious ideology to sustain it.
Lest it be said, moreover, that we have instanced as class struggles only those conflicts which might better be understood as communal riots, let us turn for our final illustrations to perhaps the most formidable people's movement by which the empire of the Mughals was challenged : the risings of the Pathans.
· The Pathans rose against the Mughal upper class under two principal ideologies: the religious one of the Rawshani movement (especially ·1585, 16n-16, 1628 ff.