خلاصة:
As a result of human activities in recent decades, the state of the earth's environment has faced irreparable damage. This issue has compelled governments to formulate and implement various environmental laws and regulations across all dimensions. The aim of this article is to examine the foundations of states obligating to adhere to international environmental rules and regulations, with an emphasis on the unilateralism of certain states regarding their withdrawal from environmental treaties. The results indicate that the Paris Agreement focuses primarily on developing countries, while the highest levels of environmental pollution are generated by developed countries. The breach of commitment by some countries, such as the United States, China, and Russia, and their withdrawal from and disregard for this treaty clearly demonstrate that these countries have not fulfilled their commitments adequately. Consequently, addressing these existing challenges in the world requires the cooperation of all governments, the private sector, and civil society to prioritize risk reduction, as well as fairness and justice in decision-making and investment.
ملخص الجهاز:
Despite all the efforts of the international community to develop legally binding and non-binding instruments, environmental concerns and threats such as global warming, climate change, desertification, and deforestation have not only remained but are also increasing (Georgetown Law Library 1, 2010).
Some of the treaties include: Stockholm Conference 1 (1972), United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 2 (1982), World Conference on Environment and Development 3 (1987), United Nations Conference on Environment and Development 4 (1992), World Summit on Sustainable Development 5 (2002), Climate Change Convention 6 2015, Agenda 21 7, Action Plan for Sustainable Development, Aarhus Convention 8, Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters, Basel Convention 9, this convention on the control of transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal, Basel Ban Amendment, Protocol on Liability and Compensation for Damage Caused by the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes 10, Convention on Biological Diversity 11, Convention of Bankers 12, 1.
5. Unilateralism of the United States of America in the Paris 2015 Agreement One of the environmental issues that has caused concern in the international community is the issue of climate change.
According to the Paris Agreement, all countries are committed to reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide resulting from fossil fuels, in the fight against climate change.
Among the articles published on climate change, 23% are related to the United States, far more than any other country that is a member of the Paris Agreement (McSweeney, 2015).
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