خلاصة:
One of the main intellectual concerns in Shari'ah, ethics, and mysticism has been the fighting against the concupiscent soul, and mystical wayfarers have been advised to engage in this spiritual Battle (Jihad) by following certain suggested methods. By a special and comparatively unique approach in Mirsad al-Ibad, Najm Razi discusses about interaction with the soul and its qualities. The author of present paper has tried by qualitative analysis and description of content, to elucidate Razi's thought-lines in the struggle against the concupiscent soul. The research findings demonstrate that Razi believe in moderate treatment and cautious dealing with the concupiscent soul and he think that any extreme or careless behaviors in confront with the concupiscent soul would be a loss for the mystic followers. He believes that the concupiscent soul is not naturally the main cause of evils and sins, and that the reprehensible traits in the soul have been implanted there in accordance with the dictates of both divine wisdom and human expediency. Furthermore, Razi thinks that the essence of the human soul is capable of transformation; in a way that it's straying from God makes the soul command to the evils, and turning to God put the soul in the path of assurance.
ملخص الجهاز:
Analysis of Najm Razi's Approach in Interacting with the Commanding Soul (Nafs al-Ammara) Based on Marsad al-'Ibad ۱ Seyed Amir Jahadi Hosseini 1.
The research findings show that Razi believes in a moderate approach, far from excess and deficiency, towards the commanding soul, and considers any extremism or negligence in dealing with it to be detrimental to the seeker.
Ghazali also adopts a strict approach in dealing with the soul, and his main recommendation is to observe the least of the soul's desires; in his opinion, it is through adherence to this path that one can safely escape the dangers of the soul: “And Yahya ibn Mu’adh al-Razi said: Fight your soul with the sword of discipline, and discipline is of four kinds: eating little, sleeping little, causing hardship to people, and speaking only when necessary, for little eating reduces lusts, little sleep clarifies devotion, causing hardship leads to goals, and little speech ensures safety from harms.
Therefore, Najm Razi considers the existence of the reprehensible traits of desire and anger in the commanding soul as a prerequisite for the ascent of the spirit from material life, and through this, he points to the purpose of the attachment of the spirit to the body and its descent into the material world.
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