خلاصة:
The original article intends to examine Iran’s interrupted democratic transition after 1997.The main goal of the paper is to stay away from vulgar voluntarism and structural determinism, with the assumption that a dialectical and integrative theoretical approach can better explain the complexity of Iran’s socio-political realities.however, the original paper has suffered from several shortcomings which has been examined in this paper. The original article intends to examine Iran’s interrupted democratic transition after 1997.The main goal of the paper is to stay away from vulgar voluntarism and structural determinism, with the assumption that a dialectical and integrative theoretical approach can better explain the complexity of Iran’s socio-political realities.however, the original paper has suffered from several shortcomings which has been examined in this paper.
ملخص الجهاز:
These ill-considered approaches forget that the success of democratic transitions It depends on the interaction between social movements – "civil society actors" – and reformist elites, and pressure from below (civil society pressure) can create valuable soft power that can play a useful and effective role in negotiation above (“bargaining”).
The author, in this section, refers to some foundations and organizations with huge budgets and their impact on politics in Iran and says that the rentier state, with its brokerage economy, has created a new class whose interests and survival lie in maintaining the status quo, and most of the forces opposed to reforms belong to this class.
In general, the author of the article believes that beliefs such as Islamic democracy, religious civil society, and Islamic rule of law suffer from theoretical weakness and conceptual confusion and were among the factors that were effective in the decline of the reform movement.
The author of this article generally tries to present an integrative approach that includes both actors and structural factors and, by incorporating various components such as the structure of the government, class structure, political institutions, the performance of reformist elites, and the intellectual discourse of reformism, to provide a theoretical framework regarding the obstacles to the transition to democracy in Iran after June 2, 1376.
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