خلاصة:
One of the characteristics of international law at the beginning of the twenty-first century is its significant development in the field of women's human rights. One of the reasons for this is that a country's development is directly related to the participation of women in its political, social, economic, and cultural life. Since 1945, i.e., the end of World War II and the establishment of the United Nations, whose duty is to maintain international peace and security and support human rights, including the right to development, the situation of women has been the subject of more than 20 international legal documents, each of which reveals and reflects a specific problem regarding the position of women. In this regard, the 1979 Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (hereinafter referred to as the Convention or Charter) is a document outlining the latest major efforts of international law to improve the status of women in the world. Other international progress has also been made on the subject, so that today, although these rights are not universally implemented, there is less debate about the universality of women's human rights. Since discrimination is rooted in the cultures and customs of societies, and one of the indicators of any civilization must undoubtedly be its perspective on the status of women, in order to combat gender apartheid, the composition of the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women includes representatives of various forms of civilization and legal systems around the world. In this context, Iran's accession to the aforementioned convention would be a major legal step for women.
Author: Dr. Mahmoud Jalali -
ملخص الجهاز:
Some of the principles and rights recognized in this international Convention include: equality of rights for women and men in all cultural, political, social, and economic dimensions; the inadmissibility of discrimination against women in all forms and by any person, organization or company; the division of responsibility between women and men and society as a whole in raising children; the abolition of criminal regulations containing discrimination against women; taking necessary measures to protect pregnant women and mothers; eliminating prejudices, traditions, and methods based on thinking that considers one gender inferior or superior, or stereotypical roles for men and women; preventing abuse and exploitation of women; granting women the right to participate in all public elections and referendums in all popularly elected bodies; freedom to choose a profession and job and eliminate occupational discrimination against women and establish job security and freedom to choose place of residence; creating equal opportunities and conditions with men in the field of employment and profession and in order to obtain educational qualifications from educational institutions in all fields and facilities to use scholarships and other similar educational benefits; creating similar facilities for women’s active participation in sports and physical education; the right of women to benefit from various social insurance, including retirement, unemployment, sickness, and old age; observing health principles to protect women’s health, especially during pregnancy and at work environment; providing adequate nutrition to women and providing free services to them during pregnancy and breastfeeding; paying attention to the economic welfare of women and facilitating their access to various loans, credits and appropriate technology, especially for rural women; equality of women with men in legal capacity, concluding contracts, managing property and participating in various stages of litigation in courts and tribunals; enjoying equal and identical rights for women and men regarding the free choice of spouse and similar rights and obligations during marriage and after separation, and deciding on the number of children and the time interval of pregnancy, guardianship, custody, supervision and adoption; establishing the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination Against Women1 to implement the provisions of this Convention from among experts who have the competence to represent various forms of civilization and legal systems of the world.
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