خلاصة:
Despite being the member of the international disarmament and non-proliferation conventions i.e. Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)، Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and Biological Weapons Convention (BWC) which include their own specific export control regimes، some developed countries established parallel export control regimes that are against their commitments under aforementioned international instruments. These ad-hoc regimes are not open to all members of international community. These regimes would have always been used as a political leverage against targeted states by imposing restrictions and sanctions against them. They restrict the transfer of dual use equipment and materials and high-technology and know-how to targeted states that negatively affect their development process. This article examines how international relations theories can justify the establishment of international as well as ad-hoc non-proliferation regimes. We concluded that the conclusion of International non-proliferation instruments are based on liberal، neo-liberal and interdependence theories while establishing export control regimes are justified by constructivists، economic nationalists and post modern theories.
ملخص الجهاز:
in International Relations, Faculty of Law and Political Science, University of Tehran (Date of Receipt: 2009/07/09 – Date of Approval: 2009/09/01) Abstract: Coinciding with the conclusion of international disarmament and non-proliferation treaties, some developed countries, members of these international treaties, have created other parallel regimes under the title of multilateral export control regimes.
However, the foundation of export control regimes is mainly based on neo-realist theories and nationalist economic thought, and stems from the discourse of power and the concept of self and other, as post-structuralists say.
Traditional Approaches Realist Approach Realists consider the international system to be composed of actors who, with independent sovereignty, seek to maximize power to ensure their security.
Waltz believes that if there were only one prominent theory in international politics, that theory would be the balance of power (Waltz, 1959: 117) Structuralists emphasize the impact of systemic factors on political units and consider it effective in the national security of states.
From his point of view, what can explain the interdependent existence of the international economy in a world composed of conflicting nation-states is the existence of a hegemonic power.
Robert Cohn, who initially considered realism and interdependence as rival theories, gradually accepted some of the assumptions of realism, such as anarchy, the principle of self-help, state centrism, and national interests, and emphasized the relationship between international regimes and power and the possibility of cooperation between states by combining these assumptions with the assumptions of functionalism in his book After Hegemony.
(
, 
, 
)
