خلاصة:
The development strategy is the result of reaching common understandings among the elite of society. The development strategy is a diagram of internal homogeneity of thoughts and social relations. Achieving development requires the highest levels of coordination, alignment, and compatibility. In Iran, various strategies such as the import substitution strategy and, after 1368, the export development strategy have been proposed. Privatization and structural adjustment programs are newer approaches to promoting development. But it is shortsighted to call everything the government names a strategy a "national strategy". Truly, before that, it must be seen whether the nation-state has been found in a society in its classical sense. What is the impact of social gaps on the one hand and the gap between the government and society on the other hand on the development of a development strategy? In this article, I will first try to show the shortcomings of this approach by measuring theories that simply consider the government responsible for such an action, and then I will pay attention to Eric Olin Wright's more comprehensive approach, which examines the multifaceted relationship between the government and society and social gaps with concern for social realities. And in applying his theory, not mechanically, but with due regard to the characteristics of Iranian society, I will strive.
ملخص الجهاز:
From a social point of view, it should be said that the geographical characteristics of Iran and the dominance of tribal relations, and the threat of raids by nomadic tribes, which even frightened the power of the state, were among the important factors that led Iranian governments to build empires and was absolute rule.
Even incomplete modernization, as well as the economic influence of Russia and England in Iran – or rather, the gradual integration of the Iranian economy into global capitalism – signified a change in the traditional social foundations and a new division of labor, and thus a transformation of the relationship between the state and society.
Major social changes began in 1340 with the White Revolution under the second Pahlavi dynasty, the most important part of which was land reform and the dispossession of major landowners as an influential political class, the state’s reliance on a group of techni- technocrats1 and the effort to create a large bourgeoisie as the social base of the government.
In the next section, with (1)-this tendency of the government in this period also had an important consequence, namely that although the ideology of so-called quasi-modern technocrats dominated the formulation of the modernization strategy, social and cultural fragmentation was prevented from influencing policy-making, and therefore a unified view emerged towards the modernization process in the country (see: Memoirs of Manouchehr Godarzi, Khodadad Farmanfarmaian, Abdol Majid Majidi, 1383).
In Iran after the revolution, the rentier government adopted its supra-class strategy based on preventing changes in established relations and stabilizing the economy by turning to a populist-statist strategy, and maintaining stability in the entire political, economic, and social system became the main goal.
(
, 
, 
)
