خلاصة:
Based on the assumption that the behavior and actions of social actors, as well as the type of power perception at the level of social life, influence the political behavior of the government and how political life is organized, it can be accepted that understanding the nature and function of the government in any society is closely related to understanding the structure of the society of which the government is only a part. In this article, we aim to provide an explanation and a realistic picture of the logic of this relationship in Iran during the Qajar period by using a theoretical model oriented towards empirical analysis and emphasizing the reflective relationship between government and society. The examination of the nature of traditional society and pre-modern political order, and why and how this order changed to a modern political order, is at the center of this analysis.
ملخص الجهاز:
The structure of the web-like society creates many patterns, including changing and reforming the priorities of the state (survival politics instead of social transformation), the form and method of state policies (the existence of redundant and inefficient institutions), problems in implementing policies, squandering financial resources, exerting influence on policy executors, and ultimately seizing areas of state authority.
One of the main goals of the Qajar reformist elites, especially Amir Kabir, was to strengthen the authority of the government and improve its situation in order to effectively control the political, economic, and social activities of internal and external power centers.
Historically, since nobles and khans possessed one of the main sources of wealth and social status – namely land – and controlled the life and death of a large part of traditional Iranian society, namely the peasants, they have always resisted the modernist efforts of governments that limited their sphere of power.
In general, if traditional forces defended the constitutional revolution with motivations such as ensuring the implementation of Sharia, establishing justice, and cutting off foreign interference and domination over the country, modernists and especially intellectuals pursued the realization of ideas such as constitutionalism, law, freedom, increasing the power and efficiency of the government, creating a unified and coherent political system instead of the old and dilapidated Qajar system, and promoting economic and social transformations, and in a word, creating a “modern state.
(
, 
, 
)
