خلاصة:
The purpose of this article is to examine and present the ideas and thoughts of the founders, designers, and theorists of "democracy" and the experience of its practitioners in societies, especially Western ones. The author, using different and sometimes contradictory theories in the field of participation, elections, and democracy, has tried to avoid denying the value of democracy despite its lack of success in the West, as can be seen in the stated claims and the text and discussions of the article. They introduce a kind of Eastern democracy as a way to achieve it, which is specifically valued by the government and people of Iran under the title of religious populism. This effort continues by examining society and community and various theories about parties and participation and the criticisms raised by Westerners, and expresses the hope that Iranian Islamic society, by holding elections once a year, is on the path to gaining experience and achieving perfection in this regard. Especially since there is a very strong motivation in the beliefs and thoughts of Iranians that easily encourages them to give up their intentions and interests for the benefit of others and look forward to the healthy results of democracy and consider God as their representative.
ملخص الجهاز:
The author, using different and sometimes contradictory theories in the field of participation, elections, and democracy, has tried to avoid denying the value of democracy despite its lack of success in the West – as can be seen in the stated claims and the text and discussions of the article – to introduce a type of Eastern democracy as a way to achieve it, which is specifically valued by the government and people of Iran under the title of Religious Populism.
People are equal according to the rule Citizens are equal in terms of citizenship and have the right to participate in public affairs of society and government, which gives the majority the authority to make decisions on issues (Ibid).
11) “In Western societies, political life is summarized in the existence of parties, and any country that wants to take steps on the path of political development (in this style) is inevitably forced to accept the determining role of parties, because the participation of the people on the one hand and the preservation of relations between rulers and those who are governed and, as a result, the preservation and continuity of taste on the other hand, depend on the correct and free activity of parties” (Ibid, p.
” Michels said that in a democratic society, democracy is not established in the structure and organization of government, but is seen in the reciprocal relationships of actions (behaviors) (that is, it is not important that a few people hold the reins of power in parties, it is important that the competition between parties takes place in a truly free environment (Ibid.
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