خلاصة:
The resolution and facilitation of domestic political conflicts is a topic that, compared to international conflicts, has received less examination and theorization. Existing writings are mostly related to the methods and techniques of resolving these conflicts. In general, the place of theoretical discussions, especially regarding the conditions and necessities of resolving these conflicts, is to a large extent empty. Despite this, there are numerous implicit and explicit implications about this subject in the texts of political science. In this article, relevant discussions in the texts of political science have been extracted, categorized, examined, and evaluated. Also, an effort has been made to provide a theoretical framework regarding the conditions and necessities of resolving domestic conflicts through the reconstruction and conceptualization of these discussions. In this theoretical framework, the "state" is recognized as the main agent and variable, both in inciting these conflicts and in resolving them. Therefore, the establishment of a "conflict resolution state" and the design and promotion of an "active social reconstruction policy" are introduced as necessary conditions for resolving or mitigating conflicts in "turbulent" and "unstable" societies.
ملخص الجهاز:
Thomas Hobbes, based on the conditions and issues of post-feudal Western European societies in the 17th century AD, emphasizing the selfish and power-seeking nature of man and the feeling of insecurity of individuals in the “state of nature,” considered the concentration of power resources in the hands of a powerful and comprehensive government as the main condition for establishing order and ending social and political conflicts and disputes (Hobbes, 1380: 210-130 and 301-292).
According to Przeworski, the establishment and consolidation Liberal democracies and welfare states in the 20th century – which have generally led to the mitigation of many political and social conflicts and violence in these societies – have been the result of a balance of power between the power and influence of the aforementioned classes (Perzworski, 1988).
David Apter and Charles Andrian believe that political conflicts will be moderated and peaceful if individuals and political groups pursue their goals and interests in the form of civil and reasonable behavior, but establishing this situation requires patterned transformations at three levels: government, society, and the individual.
Moving towards removing these limitations and obstacles, and advancing the process of fundamentally resolving conflicts requires the reconstruction and adjustment of political, legal, economic, social, and cultural structures and relationships, and this is made possible by the establishment and role-playing of a state that has the characteristics, capabilities, and will necessary to implement a socio-political reconstruction program in order to provide the aforementioned conditions and necessities.
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