خلاصة:
Good governance is a concept that has many supporters and critics. This term became popular in the late 1980s. However, there is no clear definition or description of either good governance or even governance itself. Although there is no consensus on its characteristics, eight characteristics can be considered for good governance: participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, responsiveness to the needs of the people, orientation towards consensus, fairness and inclusiveness, effectiveness and efficiency. Realizing these eight characteristics minimizes corruption. However, achieving good governance and its appropriate model faces challenges.
ملخص الجهاز:
According to the International Institute of Administrative Sciences, governance refers to the process whereby elements of society employ power and authority to influence policies and decisions related to public life and social and economic development, and to give them legal form.
2) Individuals The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, at the seminar “Good Governance Practices for Promoting Human Rights” held on December 15 and 16, 2004, in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, stated that governance refers to mechanisms, institutions, and processes that the authority in public affairs uses (Economic and Social Council,2004) .
Depending on the context and dominant goal pursued, it has been said at different times that good governance includes full respect for human rights, the rule of law, effective participation, multi-stakeholder cooperation, political pluralism, transparent and accountable processes and institutions, an efficient and effective public sector, legitimacy, access to knowledge, information and education, empowerment of people, *equality, sustainability and values that foster responsibility, solidarity and tolerance (OHCHR, UNDP, 2004, p.
This point shows that the notion of “good,” in addition to the above (1) characteristics, includes: full respect for human rights, global support for human rights, the rule of law, non-discriminatory laws, participation, multi-stakeholder cooperation, political pluralism, transparency, accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, promotion of public administration capacity, legitimacy, access to knowledge, information and education, empowerment, equality, sustainability and values that foster responsibility, solidarity and tolerance, predictability, support for the interests of marginalized groups, sensitivity to needs, addressing basic societal needs, impartiality and speed, devolution of resources and decision-making from the center to local levels, multi-layered and multi-centered organizational aspects, omniscience, avoidance of abuse, avoidance of corruption, consultation, and social justice.
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