خلاصة:
Considering the economic and especially trade problems of the United States' hegemony in the post-Cold War world, we are witnessing a new wave of efforts by this country to strengthen and stabilize the conditions of its economic hegemony. Economic hegemony of a government, on the one hand, requires having the highest economic capabilities, and on the other hand, requires the will and ability of that government to lead the world's economic affairs, where the role of power (in its general sense) becomes important. The United States in the post-Cold War world, with the backing of its special power, has once again become active in dominating trade opportunities and at the same time managing the world's trade affairs. The tendency towards American commercial hegemony in this period has had two sets of interdependent policies: 1- Global multilateral policies that within its framework, strengthening global institutional mechanisms in the form of GATT/World Trade Organization under the leadership of the United States is pursued; and 2. Regional and bilateral policies, following which the United States is engaged in developing regional and bilateral free trade agreements.
ملخص الجهاز:
The tendency towards American commercial hegemony in this period has had two sets of interdependent policies: 1- Multilateral global policies, within the framework of which strengthening global institutional mechanisms in the form of GATT/World Trade Organization under American leadership is pursued; and 2- Regional and bilateral policies, following which the United States is developing regional and bilateral free trade preference agreements.
Introduction Although the United States has been one of the most active centers of free trade since its founding, its hegemonic presence in international trade was delayed until before World War II under the influence of factors largely related to the weakness of the country's power position in the international arena.
In the 20th century, American hegemony in international trade occurred in two general stages: 1- The post-World War II stage; and 2- The stage after the decline of the Cold War. After World War II, the United States witnessed the decline of European commercial powers on the one hand, and on the other hand, faced the rise of a dangerous anti-capitalist power, namely the Soviet Union.
The United States government, as a hegemonic state, played an active guiding role in the process of developing negotiations and agreements of the Uruguay Round and the establishment of the World Trade Organization.
Here, the question may be raised that given the overall approach of the United States towards developing free trade at the global level and playing an active leadership role in GATT/WTO, how can this country’s tendency to develop preferential bilateral or regional agreements be justified over the past one or two decades?
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