خلاصة:
As one of the metropolises of the Islamic world, Neishabur has played an important role in the political, social, economic and cultural developments of Iran and the Islamic world between the third and seventh centuries of the Islamic calendar. Examining the history of Neyshabur in this period reveals very significant signs of a small Iran in the area of the borders of the seat of the Greater Khorasan state. In fact, by examining and understanding the developments and events of this key city of Iran, one can be aware of many different developments in Iran during that period. Due to the importance of this city in the period under discussion, there are few writings, including historical, geographical, noble culture, local histories, etc., that do not mention Neishabur and its political and noble developments. An overview of the rich and extensive history of Neishabur shows a balanced and relatively fast development between the 3rd and 6th centuries AH in all areas. All-round balance in the political, economic-social and scientific-cultural fields and the formation of the first important developments in the history of Iran in this city, such as political centrality, the formation of the first educational institutions with a systematic structure, are the prominent points of the rich history of ancient Neyshabur, which in This article has been investigated. For a more detailed analysis, in this article, the history of Neyshabur is divided into three separate parts of political history, social history, and economic history.
ملخص الجهاز:
There are not a few sources on the history of Nishapur, but the abundance of sources does not mean that the researcher's work is easy, because the scattering and vastness of information about this important and key city of Iran - especially in the Islamic period - confronts every researcher with major challenges in separating strong and relatively reliable information from weak information and presenting it to the reader.
2-2 The First Two Centuries of Islam and the Tahirid Period The efforts of the Muslim commander Abdullah ibn Amir to conquer Nishapur and the surrender of the rest of the cities following the conquest of Nishapur and Abdullah’s assumption of ihram in gratitude for the capture of Nishapur remind us of the importance of this key city (Ibn Athir: Vol. 9: 213).
Following the events of those days of the Caliphate and especially the problems that the Kharijites caused in Sistan and Khorasan and Babak 112 Research in Iranian Studies, Volume 15, Number 1, Spring 1404 The Khurramites had caused problems in Azerbaijan, Abdullah Tahir, who was highly trusted by the Caliphate and played an important role in suppressing these rebellions, received the government of Khorasan from the Caliph after the death of his brother Hakam, and he preferred to make Nishapur his center instead of Merv.
2-5 The Ghaznavid Period After the fall of the Samanids, although the center shifted from Bukhara to Ghazna, Nishapur remained the most important city in Khorasan in terms of political, administrative, social, and cultural aspects.
Tarikh-i Kamil, ‘Izz al-Din ‘Ali, Great History of Islam and Iran, translated by Abu al-Qasim Halat and Abbas Khalili, Tehran, Ilmi Publications, 1368.
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