Persian-speaking orators from the land of India in the era of the Mughal Gurkani مقدمة ومراجعة

ملخص الجهاز:

Sultan Mahmud raised his head in anger and said, ‘We were waiting to hear the shrita of the qasida, you are repeating the mطلع instead of the shrita, what is this way of reciting poetry?’ And he gave him a piece that he had composed extemporaneously in satire of him, which was far more beautiful than his worthless poem, and said, ‘Take this reward and go. It is narrated (Dolatsah) that when the great Sahibqiran Sultan Amir Timur Gurkan may God protect him, conquered Fars, in the year 695 AH, he killed Shah Mansur, Khwaja Hafez was still alive. The following verse is also (a ghazal’s *maqta*) composed on the day of Eid: Nowruz and spring, wine and a delightful beloved, Babur, strive for pleasure, for the world will not be repeated. ” The defeated king of India finally arrived in Qazvin, which was then the capital of the Safavid dynasty, and when he went to the court of Shah Tahmasp, he composed and recited this *rubai* (quatrain) spontaneously: O King of the World, your foundation is like the sky, This is the hand of wilayah (spiritual authority) and your capital. Having received help from Shah Tahmasp, he returned towards Hindustan and began to reclaim his kingdom, and during the conquest of Kabul, he wrote: Biram Khan composed this *masnavi* (rhyming couplets) for his great literary commander: A victory has appeared from the unseen, Which has opened the hearts of friends.