خلاصة:
Since one of the most important dimensions of international relations theories is their analytical aspect regarding foreign policy, the main goal of this article is to examine the role and position of foreign policy in these theories. This is because today's decision-makers in this field must pay attention to the delicate relationship between theory and practice to reach successful and rational decisions, and be able to extract policy prescriptions and practical insights from these texts in addition to accurately understanding the position of foreign policy in theoretical texts. In this article, first the traditional theories of international relations, including realism and liberalism, then micro, macro, and medium-range perspectives, and finally the constructivist perspective of international relations as a new theory regarding foreign policy are examined. In the conclusion section, it is stated that there is a cohesive and complementary relationship between these theories in the field of analyzing foreign policy, a point that a foreign policy decision-maker should fully utilize.
ملخص الجهاز:
These include relying solely on internal elements of foreign policy and ignoring environmental and structural constraints; assuming the identity of governments is fixed and ignoring identity policies; failing to pay attention to the existence of various actors who share in foreign policy decision-making within the government; with the assumption that governments are unified, failing to pay attention to the fact that governments are surrounded by the internal and external social environment, and this itself can be effective in shaping their preferences ( 59-19:4002 inizzuG ).
Examining the role and position of foreign policy in micro, macro, and mid-range theories With the emergence of the behavioral revolution in the 1950s and 1960s, the field of international relations was divided into two completely distinct sections – international politics and foreign policy analysis – with distinct identities as a result of an internal disciplinary rift.
After examining Waltz's structural theory as the most important macro theory in the field of international politics and its view of foreign policy, we will examine the theoretical currents that at the micro level (due to their attention to the internal environment of governments in shaping foreign policy) are engaged in the field of foreign policy analysis.
Examining the role and position of foreign policy in the constructivist theory of international relations Constructivist theory, which is in the middle of mainstream and post-positivist theories in terms of epistemology and methodology, and in the middle of idealism and realism debates in terms of content, can have a significant contribution to the analysis of foreign policy by emphasizing the social nature of actors and paying attention to how their identity is formed ( 311:7991 trewoK ).
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