Iranian languages and dialects مقالة

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For example, one can refer to the conjugation of the word “hand” (singular form) in three Old Persian languages (1)-For information about the connection of these dialects with Indian and Iranian languages, see Report on ẓLinguistic Mission to AfghanistanẒ by G. Carry (middle imperative) bar-a???uha \ I had seen (pluperfect active) diuae?m 10-In the derivation of verbs and nouns and the creation of new words, a large number of prefixes and suffixes are used, passing beyond the intensity and weakness of movements (Ablaut), which have been generally reduced in modern Iranian languages and dialects and are very limited in contemporary Persian. This division also applies to the modern languages and dialects of Iran, as Persian, Kurdish, Luri, Balochi, the dialects of the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, and the central and southern dialects of Iran all belong to the Western group, while Pashto (the local language of Afghanistan), Yaghnobi (a descendant of Sogdian), and the Iranian dialects of the Pamir Plateau and Asia (whose people migrated from east to the Caucasus) belong to the Eastern group. 16-The languages of the Eastern group, namely Sogdian, Saka (Khwarazmian), Khwarazmi, Asī, Pashto, and a number of dialects of the Pamir Plateau, share commonalities in vocabulary, phonetic changes, and grammatical rules that distinguish them from the Western group. The word “I” in the nominative case is a good example of the similarity of the dialects of this group: Sogdian: a zu, Saka: (aysu)azu, Pashto, z???, Ormuri and Sanglichi: az, Yagnobi: az, Munjani: z???, Wakhi and Shughnani: wuz, Asi: a?z, (in Avestan az???m, in Old Persian adam).