خلاصة:
According to orientalists, historical researches of Marshall Hodgson, who was a researcher focusing on Islam and history in mid of 1900s, has caused a new approach and method in historical studies of orientalists. The entry of “Qulat” (extremists) is one out of twenty entries that have been written by his handwriting in the Encyclopedia of Islam in volume of about one page (two columns). Since one of the basic premises in historical topics is to understand the various groups correctly, their thoughts and practices must be taught correctly. Reviewing the entry of Qulat indicates that incorrect information regarding this group has been recorded and it faces various criticisms. From those is the critic on categorizing sects of Shia, relating the starting point of Mahdiism to the Qulat, believing in realm of mending (Zar) in beliefs of the Qulat, and etc. It seems like all of these problems are caused by the writer not referring to the Arabic sources.
ملخص الجهاز:
A Critique of the Introduction of the "Ghulat" Sect in Encyclopaedia of Islam Mahdieh Dehghani Ghanatghastani Abstract From the perspective of Orientalists, the historical research of Marshall Hodgson — an Islamic scholar and historian from the mid-1900s — has led to the emergence of a new perspective and method in the historical studies of Orientalists.
(1986, Vol. 1: 51, 353, 962, 1100, 1116, 1359) b) In the second volume of the Encyclopaedia of Islam, the entries: Da'i, al-Darazi Muhammad ibn Isma'il, al-Dhimmiyya (the name of a sect related to Alawism), Jabir ibn Qasim, Ja'far al-Sadiq, al-Janahiyya, al-Janabi (the name of a Da'i in Iraq), al-Jarudiyya, Druze, al-Fida'i Ghassaniyya (this name is applied by later Sunnis to a group related to Abu Hanifa), Ghaybiyya, and Ghulat.
1. Flaws in the classification of Shiite sects based on their beliefs Hodgson says in the introduction of the Ghulat: Ghulat, meaning extremists, is a pejorative term for persons accused of exaggeration in religion.
Failure to pay attention to the difference in the belief in Raj'at among various Shiite sects Hodgson counts Raj'at among the beliefs of the Ghulat and says about it: "The first Ghali believed in the non-death of Ali7 and his 'Raj'at', and this belief of his is like the belief of the Imamiya in the Raj'at of the twelve Imams.
In criticizing his statement, it must be said that on one hand, the belief in the world of "Dharr" is not exclusive to the Ghulat or other Shiite sects, and a number of Sunni scholars, especially their predecessors, have accepted the existence of the world of Dharr and the life of the soul in a completely spiritual period.
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