خلاصة:
One of the interpretations and aspects of social justice is justice as fairness; although some consider fairness to be the entirety of social justice, and others consider it the highest level of justice. Analyzing fairness as justice is a difficult matter; although humans possess an innate endowment of knowledge regarding these two and, in practice, do not wait for theories on this matter to reach a conclusion. In the Shia Islamic tradition, fairness is among the human moral and legal principles. In this tradition, emphasis is placed on fairness as one of the strategic principles in moral and legal relations. Moral philosophers refer to fairness as the Golden Rule and discuss its explanation and effectiveness. Some implementers of justice in the world have based their judgment solely on fairness. This article aims to examine and analyze the position of fairness as the most prominent symbol of social justice in the Shia Islamic tradition and to demonstrate its position within its system of moral and legal norms.
ملخص الجهاز:
Then, its value position in the structure of Shiite moral norms should be identified and weighed against its universal status; its content, its pillars and conditions be explained; its nature be clarified; the causes and reasons for its external realization be introduced, and its individual and social functions and effects be identified.
Although it is possible that a person, in their specific behavior, without considering themselves superior or taking a side in a dispute, may make an unfair judgment; because now the discussion is about the general conditions of fair behavior, not the specific instances of individual actions that may follow their particular desires and disregard the aforementioned rule; but this behavior cannot be a reason to invalidate the law of morality.
But considering the conditions that were added to this rule based on the foundations of Shiite ethical and legal thought, and especially the latter condition, the rule of fairness is not merely formal, but possesses the content of good and evil; meaning, when a person reflects on the consequences and effects of their behavior on others, places themselves in the position of others, and considers others equal to themselves and worthy of honor, respect, and benevolence, with the help of the intrinsic goodness and badness of human actions, which is a fundamental theory in Shiite theology, ethics, and law; and by virtue of the relative ability of reason to identify good and evil, first begins to identify good and bad behavior in that situation.
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