خلاصة:
The present study aims at finding answers to the following questions: (1) How has the Sufi Tarighat of Ardabil been influenced by religious thought before the formation of the Safavi government? (2) What factors have influenced the approach of Safavi sheiks toward Ghaliane thought? (3) Why do the eighth and the ninth centuries movements have a Ghaliane identity? and (4) What are the common elements of Ghaliane sects during this period? In the study of the religious approach in Safavi Tarighat something will be said about the Caliphate system and the emergence of a religious and political vacuum following the Mongol invasion in the seventh century. The effects of the Mongol invasion on strengthening spiritual bases and the growth of sufism in the interval between the seventh century till the formation of the Safavi government in the tenth century is also important. Sufi Tarighats experienced internal intellectual twists under the influence of the circumstances of the period and moved toward the seizure of political power through Ghaliane approach. This is the common point of all Sufi movements in the eighth and the ninth centuries. The point is that Safavies were the most outstanding Sufi and Ghaliane movement during these times which succeeded in forming a comprehensive government.
ملخص الجهاز:
Generally, under the influence of the historical and intellectual transformations of the sixth and seventh centuries, especially after the Mongol invasion, the internal shifts of the Safavid order took shape: a tendency toward political power due to the relationship of discipleship (muridi and muradi) with political agents and proximity to the center of power, and justifying themselves in comparison to the ruling disciples; the movement from the specialized work of an influential group to becoming political actors; a change in attitude toward wealth and material life; interaction between the Safavids and the ruling class and helping to consolidate the foundations of power through the promotion of an inactive lifestyle; appearing as great spiritual feudal lords by receiving vast properties and cash from disciples and feudal lords; the link with the Iranian element and the inclination toward political proselytization, namely the marriage of Amin al-Din Jabrail to the daughter of the Iranian Khwaja Kamal al-Din Arabshah and the birth of Sheikh Safi al-Din from this marriage, and the discussion of the Wilayah (guardianship) and Ismah (infallibility) of this woman (1, pp: 76-75) and the connection of Sheikh Safi al-Din's birth to divine will; the marriage of Sheikh Safi al-Din to the daughter of Sheikh Zahid Gilani and the beginning of a type of Sufism based on aristocracy (4, p: 371); and the attention of Sufism to specific worldly goals, and the determination of the criterion for succession based on the father-son relationship during the era of Sheikh Safi, contrary to the criterion of being chosen by the Sheikh.
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