خلاصة:
The hadith Oلاَ یدْخِلُ أَحَداً الْجَنَّةَ عَمَلُهُP (No one enters Paradise on behalf of his/her deed) and its related narrations in the content is considered as difficult hadiths in Sunni narrational resources. These narrations refer to God’s grace and mercy towards the servants, regardless of their sins and worship. According to the appearance of these hadiths, human deeds have no role in entering heaven and hell; However, according to the Imamia and Mu’tazilah, based on rational and narrational arguments, a person deserves a reward for obedience and punishment for disobedience. Contrary to the determinism [jabriyyah] that these narrations carry on the role of action in obtaining the reward. Ash’arite thinkers consider the above hadiths as proof of the grace of the divine reward. Dealing with the various meanings of “Ba’“ in the narrations like as Oلَا یدْخُلُ أَحَدٌ مِنْکمُ الْجَنَّةَ بِعَمَلِهِP (No one enters Paradise on behalf of by his/her deed) and Oلَنْ ینْجُوَ أَحَدٌ مِنکمْ بِعَمَلِهِP (No one of you will be saved by his/her deed) and removing contradiction with verses such as verse Oادْخُلُوا الْجَنَّةَ بِمَا کنْتُمْ تَعْمَلُونَP (Enter paradise because of what you used to do.) are the most important characteristic Ash’arites commentary. In this research, by analyzing the content after explaining the above narrations, the viewpoints, arguments and criticisms of Sunni thinkers under these hadiths, which can be classified into three axes, are presented in detail, and finally, according to the Imamia intellectual principles, they are evaluated.
ملخص الجهاز:
Analysis of the views of Islamic scholars regarding the merit-based or grace-based nature of reward Abdol Mirahmadi Mahin Taebi Abstract The hadith "لا يدخل أحدا الجنـة عملـه " and narrations with the same content are considered among the problematic hadiths in Sunni hadith collections.
Based on the literal meaning of these hadiths, human actions play no role in their entry into heaven or hell; whereas from the perspective of the Imami and Mu'tazila, based on rational and traditional proofs, a person is deserving of reward in response to obedience and deserving of punishment in response to disobedience.
Based on these verses, God admits the servant into heaven or saves them from hell through their actions, of which a few examples are mentioned: - -الين تتوفاهم الملائکة طيبين * يقولون سلام عليکم ادخلوا اجنة بما کنتم تعملون - (نحل :٣٢)؛ Those whose souls are taken by angels while they are in a state of purity (from polytheism), it is said to them: "Enter Paradise because of what you used to do.
d. : 241/8), Ibn Wazir (1415: 299/7), al-Maqrizi (1417: 108 - 109), and others, what is negated in the narration 'No one among you will be saved by his deeds' is that action be received as compensation and a sufficient price for entering Paradise; because in the end, God forgives the servants and admits them into Paradise through His grace and mercy.
Ash'arite scholars, such as Ibn Wazir, consider the words of the Mu'tazilites and Qadariyya to be in conflict with the mentioned narrations; because according to them, the idea that mere human actions would cause entry into Paradise has been negated.
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