خلاصة:
ehaviorism and its theoretical foundations are influenced by the assumption of environmental and internal factors' impact on behavior. They consider behavior as the basis for moral development, influenced by others and stimulating situations, and introduce the mechanism of acquiring it through conditioning and modeling of others. However, considering the characteristics of role models, the pattern, and the situation in which moral behavior takes shape and occurs, the influence and effectiveness of moral behavior imitation will have its own complexity. With the introduction of cognitive components, more modified perspectives of behaviorism, such as Albert Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, exacerbate this complexity. While the analysis of learning and awareness, environmental determinism, judgment, and moral values varies among different behaviorist perspectives, from radical to more modified types, the introduction of gender as a variable may lead to changes in the process and mechanism of individuals' moral responsiveness. In this article, an attempt has been made to discuss the ethics of gender from various perspectives of behaviorist psychology with a focus on analyzing the influential factors in moral agency. According to the findings of this research, the influence of gender on moral agency is confirmed in more modified approaches to behaviorism, although this influence may be indirectly traceable in radical approaches.
ملخص الجهاز:
While the analysis of learning and awareness, environmental determinism, judgment, and moral values varies across different spectra of behaviorism, from radical to more modified types, and with the introduction of the gender variable, there is a possibility of change in the process and mechanism of individuals' moral agency, this article attempts to explore, using a library-based method and a descriptive-analytical approach, the gendered nature of morality from the perspective of different spectra of behaviorist psychology, focusing on the analysis of components effective in moral agency.
Of course, views ranging from radical behaviorism to more modified spectra of behaviorism, incorporate other factors including internal and cognitive ones alongside environmental factors into the mechanism of behavior analysis; however, in the literature of behaviorism, key concepts such as reinforcement, punishment, imitation, modeling, and components effective in social learning are always raised in the formation of moral behavior.
Therefore, it can be said that moral value is also internalized in individuals through the learning process from childhood and, on this basis, if the behavior of a child and adolescent is consistent with social laws, regulations, and norms, the aforementioned behavior will be reinforced, repeated, and stabilized.
Behaviorists who avoid any attribution of behavior to internal factors, in explaining moral behavior and something similar to judgment based on moral value, are inevitably forced to refer the origin of values to the external environment, which will be the primary criteria for evaluation in this approach, including cultural and social norms and values; however, more modified viewpoints, in proportion to the share they attribute to cognition and internal factors of behavior, propose and pursue these factors and determinants alongside the mechanism and process of internalization in moral evaluation.
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