خلاصة:
The teachings of Islam rely on the establishment of equity and justice. For this reason, Islamic medieval governments sought to act in this direction to gain political legitimacy, and to this end, they paid special attention to establishing the Divan al-Mazalim. In the recent period, and especially during the Seljuk rule, the need to establish the Divan al-Mazalim was felt more strongly by following the tradition of ancient Iran, as they needed to gain political legitimacy given their historical origins from a religious and social perspective. Accordingly, the Divan al-Mazalim found a political function as part of the judicial system structure during this period. Therefore, the present research attempts, while examining the historical aspect of the Divan al-Mazalim in the Islamic medieval period, to answer the question: what was the perceived political function of the Divan al-Mazalim among the Seljuks? The hypothesis admits that the function of the Divan al-Mazalim in the aforementioned period was mostly formal, and its purpose was to demonstrate the Sultan's effort as the supreme judge of the realm.
ملخص الجهاز:
Historical Recognition of the Divan al-Mazalim in the Middle Period and its Political Function during the Great Seljuk Period Abstract The teachings of the religion of Islam rely on the establishment of equity and justice.
For this reason, governments of the Islamic Middle Period endeavored to act in this direction to gain political legitimacy, and to this end, they paid special attention to establishing the Divan al-Mazalim.
In the later period, and especially during the Seljuk rule, the need to establish the Divan al-Mazalim was felt more strongly based on the tradition of ancient Iran, which, given its historical status from religious and social perspectives, required gaining political legitimacy.
Keywords: Seljuks, Divan al-Mazalim, Security, Justice Introduction The implementation of justice and the attention of governments to the concept of justice for the purpose of gaining political legitimacy had been observed in Iran since before Islam.
With the weakness of the Turkish emirs and the dominance of the Buyids (320-447 AH) over Baghdad, this state took over the establishment of the Divan al-Mazalim, and Abu Ahmad Husayn ibn Musa al-Musawi, the father of Sayyid Murtada, was appointed to the position of handling grievances (Ibn al-Jawzi, 1358: 267/4).
Despite the importance of the Sharia court, during the Seljuk period, the Divan al-Mazalim became a strong and efficient arm at the disposal of the government and was a factor in establishing justice and security in society.
In the Seljuk period, the political function of the Divan al-Mazalim was accompanied by the prominence of the sultan's role at the head of the judicial system structure.
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