A Jurisprudential Study of the Mystical Theory of Sharia, Tariqa, Haqiqah, and Sama' in the School of Mystics and Sufis مقالة

ملخص الجهاز:

The Emergence of Branches of Islamic Sciences Regarding the emergence of various schools of thought and intellectual branches of the Shi'a, it must be known that the formation and emergence of intellectual currents such as: the Akhbari intellectual current among the jurists of the Shi'a seminary of Qom as the largest and most important Shi'a religious center in the early fourth century, and the decline of this thought with the emergence of the Imami theological school and religious rationalism in the Baghdad seminary during the same era, and the emergence of the Usuli intellectual current, the philosophical current, and the currents of Sufism and mysticism, and sometimes the mutual effects of these currents on each other, such as the blending of Shi'a theology with the philosophy of Ibn Sina, the Illuminationism of Suhrawardi, and the mutual effects of the philosophical-theological current with mysticism and Sufism, emerged from those early centuries after the advent of Islam and have undergone many changes and developments over time; but what is certain is that the original and primary sources of reasoning for all these schools and groups, and the fundamental materials and origins of them, have been the Quran and Hadith, although as mentioned, the influence of other non-religious factors cannot be considered nullified; however, it can be claimed that the original cause of the emergence of these various branches and Islamic sciences was the type of attitude and the varying depth of understanding of their followers regarding the issues, and the type and angle of their perspective toward different aspects of the glorious Word of God and the narrated hadiths from the Final Messenger and the Infallible Imams in the first instance, and attention to other sources thereafter; and as for opposition and conflicts between followers and proponents of these intellectual currents, as well as discussions, investigations, and criticisms, have always existed throughout Islamic history and is not a new issue.