Conflict and Compromise of the Iranian Aristocracy with Kings in the Sasanian Era مقالة

خلاصة:

Socio-economic history during the Sasanian era tells of a continuous struggle between the Iranian aristocracy and the kings, which continued with few interruptions until the end of the Sasanian state's life, to the point where this conflict between the Iranian aristocracy and the monarchy can be considered one of the important causes of the decline and extinction of the Sasanian rule. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this writing specifically seeks to explain what historical process the relationship between the nobility and the kings underwent in the Sasanian government and, in order to provide a historical interpretation of this issue, proposes the following hypothesis: the expansion of trade relations between East and West, the growth of a monetary economy and an economy based on commerce and industry, and the expansion of cities and transit routes, and consequently the change in social relations and the challenging of the social system of the Sasanian period, caused the aristocratic system, which was based on an agricultural economy and a rural structure, to face serious challenges. These challenges also led to religious challenges, to the extent that the alliance of the nobility with the Mobads in opposition to the king drew the Mobads into political rivalries; and by accepting the promotion of Mazdakite beliefs and supporting their social rebellion by Qubadh, a blow was dealt to the unity of the nobility and the Zoroastrian clergy, fueling the enmity between the king and the nobility. The Sasanian kings were also able, from the era of Khosrow I, to achieve economic independence from the nobility through the peasants in the challenge between the urban economy and the rural economy, and through the Spahbeds, to achieve military independence from rural forces and the nobility, thereby increasing the concentration of their political power against the aristocracy.