خلاصة:
In the Islamic tradition, one of the important and fundamental topics regarding miracles is the discussion of the miracle's implication for the prophethood of prophets. Islamic thinkers mainly consider a miracle as evidence for the truthfulness of the claimant of prophethood, rather than the truthfulness of their teachings; because, in their belief, there is no relationship between an extraordinary act and the truthfulness of the teachings of the person who performed such an act. It can be said that the common feature of the Islamic view on the implication of a miracle is the truthfulness of the prophet's claim to prophethood. The view of Western thinkers in this regard lacks the necessary coherence and clarity. In the Western philosophical-theological tradition, the existence of God is argued through the way of miracles, and Western philosophers emphasize that a miracle testifies to the truth and correctness of specific religious teachings and doctrines, leading to the precedence of one religion over another. Among Muslim thinkers, Allameh Tabataba'i, unlike many others, considers the way of knowing prophets to be limited to miracles. And among Western thinkers, Swinburne, in some of his interpretations, considers the implication of a miracle to be the proof of the prophethood of the miracle-worker. Allameh Tabataba'i and Swinburne share some views regarding the concept of a miracle, but they have different views regarding the implication of a miracle; because Swinburne considers the implication of a miracle to be the proof of God's existence and the correctness of the prophet's teachings, while Allameh Tabataba'i considers the implication of a miracle only to be the truthfulness of the claimant of prophethood.
ملخص الجهاز:
They generally consider a miracle to be an extraordinary act beyond human capacity that is performed by permission of God and by the hand of the claimant of prophethood to prove the truthfulness of his claim; therefore, the connotation of a miracle in the view of Islamic thinkers is the truthfulness of the claimant of prophethood.
That is, just as their testimony regarding seeing Jones at the crime scene is also indirect evidence, the testimony of witnesses who have observed the violation of natural laws is indirect evidence for the existence of God. Swinburne, after explaining his analogical approach based on the justification of God's intervention in specific circumstances within the order of the world, argues the implication of miracles for the existence of God and calls the intervention of a supernatural agent in performing miracles the best explanation.
Western thinkers, more often, consider a miracle to be an extraordinary act that violates the laws of nature and indicates the proof of the existence of God and the teachings of the prophets.
Swinburne also presents the relevant discussions in the form of analogy or demonstration and reasoning to prove his claim, showing that although a miracle indicates the truthfulness of the claimant to prophethood, it more strongly indicates the existence of God and the correctness of the prophet's teachings.
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