خلاصة:
From the perspective of many distributive justice theorists such as "Hobbes", "Locke", "Hayek", "John Rawls", and "Sen", the difference between individuals in wealth and poverty arises from a natural state. Government intervention in limiting the property rights of the wealthy to alleviate poverty or expand public welfare is in clear contradiction with justice and individual property rights. Emphasizing the redistribution of income and wealth among low-income or poor segments causes slowness and inefficiency in the market system and distribution system. For this reason, any action for the redistribution of wealth and income based on the relatively arbitrary concept of "social justice" is contrary to freedom and private property. The present article, using an analytical method in a comparative manner, examines the foundations of distributive justice and Quranic foundations and concludes that most theories of distributive justice are based on natural law, the market, freedom, and property rights. In contrast, from the perspective of the Holy Quran, Almighty God is the true owner of all existence, and the right of legislation is exclusive to Him. Furthermore, man is the vicegerent (Khalifa) of God and His trustee. Accordingly, man is obligated in every economic activity to use resources optimally, is responsible before God, his fellow human beings, and nature, and provides the ground for his own perfection and happiness through the proper fulfillment of this responsibility.
ملخص الجهاز:
Foundations of Wealth and Income Distribution in the Holy Quran: A Comparative Look; An Introduction to the Distribution Pattern of the Resistance Economy Date Received: 31/3/96 Date Accepted: 22/8/96 Seyed Mohammad Kazem Rajaee 1 Mehdi Mohammadian 2 Abstract From the perspective of many distributive justice theorists such as "Hobbes," "Locke," "Nozick," "Hayek," "John Rawls," and "Sen," the difference between individuals in terms of wealth and poverty stems from a natural state.
Introduction By establishing equity and justice as the primary goals for the formation of an Islamic government (Al-Hadid: 25/ Ash-Shura: 15) and by enumerating the effort toward preventing the circulation of wealth among the wealthy as a duty of the Islamic state (Al-Hashr: 7), the economic school of Islam has provided the necessary foundation for all members of society to enjoy natural facilities and blessings fairly.
Although the fundamental basis of John Locke's theory (1704 AD) is natural law, in addition to presenting his view based on two states, the natural and the civil, he also establishes two foundations: "the creation of primary wealths and divine gifts for society as a whole" and "the attachment the fruit of each individual's effort and labor in natural resources to himself" as the basis of his theory.
The Holy Quran introduces and condemns this type of view, which bases itself on private ownership and denies the ownership of Almighty God over existence, through the perspective of Qarun, who believed that he had independently acquired all those wealth and assets (Al-Qasas: 78); just as it introduces the idea of naturalizing the gap between the wealthy and the needy, attributing it to luck and fortune, and being stingy regarding spending, by stating the belief of the disbelievers of early Islam toward poor individuals.
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