The Issue of Social Trust in the Islamic Social System مقالة

خلاصة:

Nowadays, one of the fundamental issues of Western societies and societies influenced by Western culture is the reduction of social capital. Social trust is one of the essential components of social capital. The decline of social trust has led to an identity and cultural crisis, placing this issue at the center of sociologists' attention. Our Islamic society possesses this capital to the extent that it adheres to Islamic teachings. Therefore, the aim of this article is to examine social trust in the Islamic social system. The article employs a descriptive-analytical method and explores the subject from various dimensions: belief, principles of jurisprudence (Usul al-Fiqh), social ethics, and jurisprudence (Fiqh). Concepts such as "Iman" (faith), "Mu'min" (believer), "Muttaqi" (pious), "Brother," "Wilayat of the believer," "Human dignity," "Haq Allah and Haq al-Nas" (Rights of God and Rights of People), "Muslim," "Mutasharri" (follower of Sharia), "Mutakhallaq" (possessing good character), "Ta'awun" (cooperation), "Takaful" (social solidarity), "Muwasat" (sharing/empathy), "Qard al-Hasan" (benevolent loan), "Sadaqah" (charity), "Waqf" (endowment), "Amal Salih" (righteous deed), "Husn al-Khuluq" (good character), "Tawalli," "the sanctity of avoiding backbiting, slander, defamation, and insult," and dozens of other concepts contain the meaning of social trust. In the theological discussion, divine traditions and the role of Tawakkul (reliance on God) and trust in divine promises are mentioned. In the discussion of Usul al-Fiqh, Khabar al-Wahid (solitary reports) and Bina al-Uqala (the consensus of rational people) are examined as two fundamental topics within the subset of social trust. In the discussion of social ethics, certain ethical principles and the practices of religious leaders emphasizing the trust of believers in one another and the necessity of establishing brotherly relationships are mentioned. In the discussion of jurisprudential rulings, certain infrastructural, structural, and agency-based elements constituting social trust are explained. Among the structural elements presented in this article are: the origins of the Book, Sunnah, and Reason; being based on theoretical and practical wisdom; the distinction between Haq Allah and Haq al-Nas; and the relationship of brotherhood, sonship, prophethood, and Imamate. The conclusion is that many moral and jurisprudential rulings of Islam, whether structurally or through agency, directly or indirectly lead to the strengthening of social trust, while simultaneously cautioning the individual and society against misplaced trust.