خلاصة:
This Article refers to Nietzsche’s opinions about ethics from his psychological perspective to show how his thoughts of philosophy are influenced from this perspective. Nietzsche’s idea of " The Will to Power”, as a fundamental force in depth of the human's nature, that is hidden from consciousness, determines the human’s will and acts, and also with showing the important and influential role of unconsciousness in act of thought and consciousness he presents a psychological interpretation of the human's acts, and thereby challenges concept of transcendental ego, free will and finally ethics. In the following, by considering some of main concepts of the Nietzsche's standpoint of psychology, his common ideas in this subject with concepts of new psychology and especially with Freud's opinion will be discussed.
ملخص الجهاز:
By proposing the theory of "will to power," Nietzsche provides a psychological interpretation of human functioning, both as a fundamental force that, in the depths of human nature, hidden and inaccessible to "consciousness," determines human will and actions, and also by demonstrating the influential role of the "unconscious" factor in thought and consciousness.
lbid, section 400, p 216 Denial of the self, just like consciousness Nietzsche, with profound insight into the phenomenology of mental activity, emphasizes the belief that "I" 1 does not play a role in summoning thoughts to the mind; rather, on the contrary, it is these thoughts that come to us, meaning thoughts occur in the minds of humans.
" Thus 5 Nietzsche considers the role of consciousness to be very insignificant, not only in determining moral action but also in all human actions, behaviors, and even thought; he believes that thinking is not in the sense of conscious thinking, but rather the majority of intellectual activity occurs without our knowledge and unconsciously.
6 Given the role of the unconscious factor in determining human performance, Nietzsche challenges several philosophical topics and concepts, including: "the Overman" (transcendent), identity, free will, thing-in-itself, reason [as an independent element], truth, and morality.
In the process of interpretation, it is these instincts, desires, and our essential nature that appear in a specific way, and all this is nothing but the manifestation of the will to power in us and the bestowal of meaning upon the world; consequently, the idea that the world carries a pre-determined meaning and that man is able to achieve its recognition regardless of his internal states is nothing more than an illusion.
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