خلاصة:
Breast-feeding an infant is done by the mother or non-biological mother (wet nurse). Breast-feeding by non-biological mother makes marriage prohibited in specific conditions and brings about mahramiyyat and kinship. The ayah 23 of the surah Al-Nisa is the only ayah discussing this matter. This ayah proves the ruling of prohibited marriage due to milk kinship for two groups of women (mothers and foster sisters). There are wide disagreements and disputes among the Shi'a and Sunni jurisprudents and interpreters on deducing the rules pertaining to the prohibitions of fosterage as well as the interpretation and explanation of this holy ayah. The emergence of this holy ayah confirms the word of khosus al-manzilah in the prohibitions of fosterage, the application of the ruling of prohibition to the posterior (lahiq) fosterage on contract, the necessity for the breast-feeding woman to be alive, the lack of necessity of marriage contract in the time of breast feeding and the stipulation of sucking in the ruling of prohibition.
ملخص الجهاز:
The issue of breastfeeding an infant in Islamic sources has been discussed and examined from two perspectives; first, in the absolute sense of "a woman (mother or non-mother) breastfeeding a child," which is the subject of various obligatory rulings such as the necessity or recommendation of a mother's breastfeeding regarding her child, or the permissibility of a wet nurse or mother requesting a fee for breastfeeding her child; second, in the sense of "a non-mother breastfeeding a child under specific conditions," which causes the prohibition of marriage.
" Jurists have stated that the description in this verse is not conditional; in other words, the qualifier "raised in your laps" is not a precautionary restriction so that the ruling of marriage prohibition would not include a stepdaughter who was not raised in the man's lap (Najafi, 1404, Vol. 29, p.
Almost all Shia jurists believe that in every case where the ruling of the prohibition of marriage is established due to affinity through breastfeeding, mahram status is also established (Karaki, 1414, Vol. 12, p.
Many Shia and Sunni jurists have inferred many of the rulings related to the prohibition of marriage in affinity through breastfeeding from this verse alone, or in conjunction with other verses and narrations.
In response to this question, there are three opinions: A) According to the view of the majority of Shia jurists, the cases of prohibition due to breastfeeding extend to all seven groups of consanguineous prohibitions mentioned in the noble verse, and the ruling of prohibition is not established for others.
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