خلاصة:
Virtue epistemology is one of the newest approaches in epistemology that differs from other existing approaches due to its focus on the knowing agent and their epistemic virtues. This approach, due to its similarity to externalist approaches which fall under reliabilism, possesses significant capacities for theorizing in the epistemology of religious beliefs. Therefore, by defining presuppositions such as religious epistemic virtues and the religious perspective, a new concept of rationality can be achieved. This theory provides an acceptable defense of religious beliefs against the arguments of skeptics regarding the impossibility of knowledge in the realm of religious beliefs, as well as the arguments of atheists regarding the non-existence of God.
ملخص الجهاز:
However, the application of virtue-based rationality in belief in the existence of God requires answering these questions: Can a religious cognitive virtue be posited in contrast to cognitive virtues related to sensory or memory beliefs?
The definition of the concept of virtue, in connection with the discussion of cognition and knowledge, has been stated in this way: "An individual possesses an epistemic power only if, in the domain of propositions F and conditions C can distinguish truth from falsehood' (Sosa, 1991, p.
From Sosa's point of view, if our cognitive powers are to benefit from knowledge beyond conventional knowledge, they must possess a rational perspective toward their own beliefs; meaning they must be aware of their belief-forming powers and their general and specific virtues.
In other words, what effect does a believer's epistemic perspective have on their belief in the existence of God. The main key to answering this question in Sosa's epistemology can be pursued based on two issues surrounding the perspective.
They are also aware of the cognitive limitations of these powers and, for instance, know where the boundary between reason and intuition, as religious epistemic virtues, lies for the knowledge of God. The second issue that Sosa addresses in the discussion of perspective is the influence of society on knowledge.
The conclusion is that belief in the proposition "God exists" can be an animal belief if it results from religious cognitive virtues; and this same belief can be a rational belief if the knowing agent is aware of their rational abilities for the purpose of upgrading this belief and employs them.
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