خلاصة:
Many extensive researches have been done related to the convergence congress developed by Nader Shah Afshar in Najaf as his last endeavor aimed for the convergence among the scholars of the world of Islam. However, there are too many implicit aspects before the historians. The present research has investigated the position of Sheikh Abdullah Al- Suwaidi (1174 A.H) in Najaf congress and the why of congress failure. Taking advantage of the descriptive-analytical method, this writing has concluded that Al- Suwaidi, the representative of Ahmad Pasha, the governor of Bagdad, who had attended the Congress of Najaf in order to formally recognize Jafari religion in 1156 (A.H) was not the representative of Othmani government and this very issue was considered as the main element of congress failure
ملخص الجهاز:
Utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, this writing has reached the conclusion that al-Suwaydi, the representative of Ahmad Pasha, the governor of Baghdad, possessed a Sunni outlook and had participated in the Najaf conference in 1156 AH to recognize the Ja'fari school of thought, but he did not represent the Ottoman government, and this matter is considered the primary factor for the failure of this congress to reach a result.
In this regard, Nader's interaction and harmony with some of the prominent scholars of the era among the Sunnis, in light of the sources Al-Hujaj al-Qat'iyya li-Ittifaq al-Firaq al-Islamiyya, is the role of Abulbarakat Sheikh Abdullah bin Hussein bin Mar'i bin Nasir al-Din al-Baghdadi al-Suwaydi, from the Suwaydi family, which is one of the famous and reputable families of Baghdad.
The present writing attempts to explain the personality and position of Abdullah al-Suwaydi in the Najaf Conference as a research issue in light of the structural conditions prevailing in the Ottoman governmental system in the territory of Iraq, and it will be examined in two separate sections, namely "The approach of Ahmad Pasha, Governor of Baghdad, and Nader Shah Afshar" and "Biography and position of Abdullah al-Suwaydi in the Najaf Congress.
Sheikh Abdullah al-Suwaydi (died 1761 AD), the great Sheikh al-Islam of Baghdad in the Ottoman sphere, in the Najaf religious association, in his famous book titled Al-Hujaj al-Qat'iyyah li-Ittifaq al-Firaq al-Islamiyyah which is the minutes of the association's meeting, discusses how the congress was formed and the discourse that prevailed during it.
Ahmad Pasha requested Abdullah al-Suwaydi to go to Najaf at the head of the Ottoman Sunni scholars' delegation for religious negotiations and discussions regarding the Ja'fari school of thought.
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