خلاصة:
great convergence of the Ottomans due to their presence and role in the Ottoman Empire's establishment and evolution and its rise as a powerful state, notwithstanding the divergent nature of their life. Therefore, the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkomans of Anatolia, followers of popular Sufism led by the Sufi dervishes, had agreeable relations with the first Ottoman sultans. Gradually, historical developments changed this trend. The Ottomans conquered Constantinople in the second half of the ninth century AH and moved their capital to it. Following this conquest, the Ottoman bureaucracy underwent a new stage of evolution and development. Moreover, the Ottomans' policies towards the Turkomans, the Ottoman state's former founders, changed radically. This was while a large population of Turkomans emphasized the nomadic ways and traditions of life. According to this study, Ottoman bureaucracy's development in the post-conquest period of Istanbul, headed by the three institutions of Timar, Devshirme, and School, presented a crucial role in isolating the Turkomans. Besides, Ottoman centralism policy in the face of the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkomans and the humiliation of these groups by the Ottoman society's elites reinforced the Sufi Turkmens' divergence from the Ottomans and caused their convergence of the Safavids
ملخص الجهاز:
Factors Influencing the Divergence of Anatolian Sufi Turkmens from the Ottomans 1 2 Mehdi Jamalifar Assistant Professor, Department of Islamic History, University of Islamic Studies, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Ebadi Associate Professor, Department of History and Civilization of Islamic Nations, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Abstract In the early Ottoman period, Anatolian Sufi Turkmens, due to their presence and significant role in the establishment and expansion of the Ottoman territory and its emergence as a powerful state, had achieved strong convergence with the Ottomans, despite the divergent nature predominant in their lifestyle.
Accordingly, the nomadic and semi-nomadic Turkmens of Anatolia, followers of popular Sufism and led by Sufi dervishes, maintained good relations with the early Ottoman sultans.
According to the findings of this study, the development and evolution of the Ottoman bureaucracy in the period after the conquest of Istanbul, led by three institutions: the Timar system, the Devshirme, and the Madrasa, played a decisive role in the process of isolating the Turkmens.
37 Despite the fact that the Ottoman state, based on political necessities and also the influence of madrasa scholars, attempted to control and supervise the Sufi current, there was no significant change in its overall policy toward the popular Sufi current, especially since, due to numerous military campaigns, these sheikhs would incite and provoke religious and jihadi fervor among the ghazis.
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