خلاصة:
The common perception is that the American continent was discovered following Christopher Columbus's sea voyage and with the support of the King of Spain in 1492 AD; however, recently, documents, evidence, and records regarding the connection of other nations to this continent have been found that face this common perception with serious doubts. The answer to the question of whether Muslim nations succeeded in establishing such a connection or not forms the main axis of the present article. Based on the findings of Fuad Sezgin in response to an individual named Gavin Menzies, and given the scientific capability of Muslims in accurately calculating latitude and longitude and some existing evidence in historical sources, the origin of maps such as the Fra Mauro, Kangnido, Don Pedro, Pierre Reis, Cantino, Waldseemüller, Dieppe, Behaim, and the Java Atlas should be sought in the Islamic world, not in China. Therefore, it can be said that Muslims were pioneers in connection with this New World.
ملخص الجهاز:
Based on the findings of Fuat Sezgin in response to an individual named Gwyn Menzies, given the scientific capability of Muslims in accurately calculating geographic latitude and longitude and some evidence existing in historical sources, the origin of maps such as the Fra Mauro, Kangnido, Don Pedro, Pierre Reis, Cantino, Waldseemuller, Delacruz, Behaim, and the Java Atlas should be sought in the Islamic world, not in China.
In an article titled "The Discovery of the American Continent by Muslim Sailors Before Christopher Columbus's Voyage There,"6, while scholarly critiquing the individual hypotheses of someone named Gwyn Menzies, he analyzes and examines Islamic nautical charts in light of the present discussion topic.
Two Song dynasty geographers, Zhu Ke-fei 49 (1178) and Zhao Ru-guo 50 (1225), quote reports from Muslim merchants stating that Arab ships coming from West Africa reach a fertile land in the west after about one hundred days of travel across the Atlantic Ocean.
Szegeen writes regarding the importance of this map for the present research: When I first studied the details and precise description of the South American part of the Piri Reis map in Kalle's stimulating article, I came to believe that Piri Reis was the first cartographer who, using all the results from the encounters of Portuguese navigators with the coasts of South America (between the southern part of the Caribbean Sea to about 50 degrees south of the equator) that we know today and which have been somewhat forgotten, mapped the new continent with astonishing and unbelievable accuracy using the standards of European navigators and cartographers of that time.
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