خلاصة:
The issue of the stability or change of moral-political propositions has been discussed and examined from different perspectives in various sciences such as philosophy, Usul al-Fiqh, Kalam, etc. In this article, while examining the sources of moral-political propositions (practical wisdom), concepts such as practical reason, mashhurat (well-known traditions), the practice of rational agents (sira al-'uqala), and the relationship between 'ought' and 'is' are investigated to provide a suitable background for approaching the issue of the stability or change of these propositions. Ultimately, moral-political propositions are divided into propositions resulting from the practice of rational agents and the judgment of reason, where the first category is considered specific and relative, and the second category is considered general and universal.
ملخص الجهاز:
In this article, an effort has been made to examine the sources of moral-political propositions (practical wisdom) and explore concepts such as practical reason, mashhurat (well-known practices), the conduct of rational people (sira al-uqala), and the relationship between "ought" and "is," in order to provide a suitable background for approaching the issue of the stability or change of these propositions.
Ultimately, moral-political propositions are divided into those resulting from the conduct of rational people and the judgment of reason; the first category is considered particular and relative, while the second category is considered general and universal.
To better and more deeply understand the subject, here we will address the concept of reason (aql) and rational beings (uqala) and the difference between these two in creating moral and political propositions by examining the concept of practical reason, which is the faculty of discernment for these two, because it will provide an answer to the question of universality or relativity; meaning that if it is rational (aqli), it is absolute and general, and if it is reasonable (aqla'i), it is specific and relative.
Gadamer distinguishes between theoretical and practical reason and bases it on Aristotle's book "Nicomachean Ethics"28, writing: "If we are not staunch supporters of Platonic philosophy, we can speak of rational action without necessarily considering that action to be the result of complete and non-contradictory reflection and thought".
Therefore, politics and rational ethics, from the perspective of Islamic philosophy, rely on propositions that are not subject to relativism and particularism and possess universality and generality.
(
, 
, 
)
