خلاصة:
Mental existence is the existence of objects in the mind, whether when they are imagined alone or when the object becomes a predicate, regardless of whether it has external existence or not. The perception of mental existence is innate, and everyone perceives and accepts it in their conscience. The issue of mental existence is an innovation of Muslim philosophers and has no precedent in Greek philosophy. The discussion of mental existence is raised from two aspects: ontology and epistemology. In both, Mulla Sadra has novel and comprehensive views that have had important implications in solving philosophical dilemmas. In the present article, the multiple aspects of mental existence, Mulla Sadra's innovations in this regard, and the dilemmas solved through these innovations are addressed.
ملخص الجهاز:
Important and technical objections have been raised against the issue of mental existence, which many philosophers failed to answer and solve, including that: we know that knowledge and perception are a quality that occurs to the human mind (and soul) (such qualities are called psychic modality.
In this theory, Mulla Sadra proved through philosophical arguments that 1-the perceiving person, 2-the mental perceived object, and 3-knowledge and the resulting cognition itself are united and are one; and in his own terminology, the intellect, the intellect, and the intellected, or knowledge, the knower, and the "known by essence," are united with one another.
This issue is known as Philosophers before Mulla Sadra considered "knowledge" and the product of cognition to be accidents upon the mind or soul, just as color sits upon a wall or dust sits upon a table.
" It must be added that the intended meaning of the perceived object (or the intellected) here is the very form obtained in the human mind, which in technical terms is called "known by essence"4, and not the external object, which is called "known by accident"5; and the issue of the unity of the intellect and the intellected basically pertains to the unity of the knower or the perceiver (the cognizing agent) with the known by essence, meaning the same mental entity and the same intellected and known in the human mind, and not its external existence; because everyone knows that through our knowledge and perception of objects, those objects do not enter our mind exactly as they are, but rather it is their form that comes to our mind.
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