خلاصة:
The concession of the Darcy permit in 1901 AD and the subsequent discovery of oil in the oil-rich regions of Khuzestan and the construction of the massive Abadan refinery led to a massive influx of labor from both inside and outside Iran to these regions. The workforce, recruited by the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company as oil field and Abadan refinery workers, worked in the hot and exhausting climate of Khuzestan alongside burning flares. While being deprived of many of their basic rights and witnessing all kinds of bullying and illegality by the British managers of the oil company, they had no desire other than to reclaim their lost rights, and believed that the only way out of this miserable situation was to organize strikes in the workplace. Unaware that their opponents, the British managers of the oil company in cooperation with the rulers of Khuzestan, perceived these strikes as a type of riot and chaos, and instead of showing sympathy or finding a solution, proceeded to suppress them, firing, imprisoning, and exiling a number of strike organizers. In this article, the process of strikes by workers in the oil-rich regions of Khuzestan is evaluated along two axes: the backgrounds and causes of labor strikes, which were mostly professional and livelihood-oriented at the beginning before becoming political, and the workers' goals for striking, which were increasing wages and salaries, providing housing, and enjoying better welfare and health facilities. In the second axis, the stages of worker strikes from the beginning until the nationalization of the oil industry are examined and analyzed across five time periods—starting in 1920 and ending with the nationalization of the oil industry in 1951.
ملخص الجهاز:
The English managers of the oil company, who were only thinking of their own interests and the looting of Iran's oil, were not willing to yield to these demands and threatened the workers with dismissal; however, the workers, who were struggling with various deprivations in the scorching and exhausting heat of Khuzestan, finally decided to take action and begin a serious struggle to reclaim their rights and organize strikes in the years 1299, 1308, 1325, 1326 and 1330.
Although some of these strikes, such as the strike of 1325 SH, were severely suppressed by military and security forces in cooperation with the oil company, and many strike organizers were dismissed, exiled, or imprisoned, they ultimately provided the grounds for the formation of the nationalization movement of Iran's oil industry; a movement that, for the first time in the Middle East, was recorded in the history of the struggles of the workers of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company.
Backgrounds and Causes of Labor Strikes The backgrounds and causes of labor strikes in the oil-rich regions of Khuzestan were initially more professional/unionist in nature than political, and were a response to the manner of performance of the English managers of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company, who had trampled upon many of the basic rights of the workers; however, gradually, with the formation of labor unions and their organizational activities among the workers, the political aspect of the workers' movement took precedence over its professional aspect.
All these injustices against Iranian workers and employees finally prompted them to devise a way to reclaim their rights and prevent the company's injustices, and ultimately, through strikes in the oil-rich cities of Khuzestan, they were able to pave the way for the nationalization of Iran's oil industry (Afshin, 1333: 122-123).
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