خلاصة:
The [Persian] term "dah dawāzdah" (lit. ten twelve i.e. the capital is 10 and the capital plus profit is 12, and thus the profit is 20%) in the hadith literature (e.g. al-Kāfī, vol. 5, p. 197, h. 2-3) is known as a method of trading. This term because of the translator's temporal interval [of 13 centuries) and ignorance about the dimensions of the text discourse, has mostly crept into texts translated [into Persian] without any change or explanation. This ignorance has caused a discourse rupture and applying two contradictory verdicts to this way of trading. Therefore, certain discourse tools of [Norman] Fairclough, such as [Michel] Halliday's Functional System can be effective in analyzing and recognizing the rule of this way of trading. But since today the discourse of the text in religious texts is unknown, some other tools (of text analysis) such as nodal point, extracting the presupposition, dynamic synchronic study, and the study of paradigmatic and syntagmatic elements of the text, have been used in this research. As a result, it seems that the Pure Imams (‘a.s.) have changed the discourse of this term and this way have changed its application. Consequently, they have turned an invalid transaction (i.e. capital plus profit with mention of percentage ratio) to a valid deal or transaction (i.e. fixed price regardless of the capital).
ملخص الجهاز:
Some of Fairclough's discourse tools, such as Halliday's role system, can be effective in analyzing and identifying the ruling of this transaction method; however, since the discourse of religious texts is unknown to us today, other tools such as identifying the central signifier, extracting presuppositions, dynamic synchrony study, and examining the text's collocates and substitutes have also been used in this research.
Therefore, in this research, we are seeking to answer several questions, which are: Why does the "Deh-Davazdah" transaction method have two contradictory rulings from the Imams (as)?
These methods include: utilizing dynamic synchronic study and collocative and paradigmatic relations (to recognize the discourse before and after), finding the central signifier and the focal sentence (to discover the point focal of the Hadith and identifying the dominant discourse of the text), using old and new information in the sentence (to identify dominant and subordinate discourse), using presupposition and intertextuality (to identify the hidden and unspoken layers of the text), using the grid-solving method (in cases of discursive rupture, to discover information such as background knowledge that is apparently not in the text and causes ambiguity in understanding the text), and using the context of the text.
Therefore, although passive sentences have great importance in marking the text, since this sentence contains the highest level of new information, emphasis, repetition, and explanation, it seems that the central signified of the narrative is based on the term "deh-davazdah" (ten-twelve).
In fact, the "Deh-Davazdah" transaction method in the narrations does not have two contradictory rulings; rather, it has two different concepts.
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