خلاصة:
Qualitative research is a method for discovering and deeply understanding meanings, experiences, and hidden patterns in phenomena through non-numerical data; it is widely used in fields such as social sciences, psychology, sociology, management, educational sciences, and communication sciences to understand complex human and social issues. However, among these, the validity and reliability of research data have always been one of the most challenging issues in this scientific method; which leads qualitative researchers—much like quantitative researchers—to seek to satisfy the robustness of research data, and for this purpose, they have considered certain indices. Among these indices, one can mention Guba and Lincoln's four qualitative criteria, which evaluate qualitative studies based on the indices of credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. This research, with the aim of examining methods for determining validity and reliability in qualitative studies based on Guba and Lincoln's perspective, attempts to re-interpret and present existing knowledge in the field of research methodology based on the four qualitative criteria and ways to achieve them, in a promotional study using a descriptive method, in order to increase data robustness.
ملخص الجهاز:
This research, with the aim of examining the methods of determining validity and reliability in qualitative studies based on Guba and Lincoln's perspective, attempts to re-interpret and present existing knowledge in the field of research methodology based on the four qualitative criteria and the ways to achieve them, in a promotional study using the descriptive method, in order to increase data robustness.
Development of evaluation criteria for scientific accuracy and precision in qualitative studies (Source: Abbaszadeh and Shamsi-Motanaghe, 1400: 67-95) Name of theorist, Year, Validity criterion Likamp and Goetz, 1982, internal validity, external validity, objectivity Lincoln and Guba, 1985, trustworthiness, transferability, dependability, confirmability Guba and Lincoln, 1989, truth value, applicability, consistency, neutrality Marshall, 1990, adequacy, general rules of evidence Smith, 1990, components of ethics in the science of ethics Eisenhart and Howe, 1992, completeness, appropriateness, comprehensiveness, acceptability, meaningfulness Sandelowski, 1993, acceptability, appropriateness, evaluability, confirmability, creativity, artistry Altid and Johnson, 1994, probability, connectedness, acceptability, significance of topic Lenninger, 1994, acceptability, confirmability, meaning in context, recurring pattern, saturation, transferability Lincoln, 1995, situation, consensus, dissent, critical reflection, reciprocity, sanctity, division of rights Maxwell, 1996, descriptive credibility, interpretive credibility, theoretical credibility, evaluative credibility, generalizability Thorne, 1997, methodological coherence, acceptability, indexing, analytical logic, interpretive authority Engen, 2000, ethical credibility, applied credibility Tobin and Begley, 2004, epistemological foundation, theoretical foundation, methodological approach, data collection method, representation of researcher and participant voices, multiple mentalities, art of meaning-making, technical methods Tedlie and Tashakkori, 2009, design fit/compatibility, design fidelity/adequacy, internal design consistency, analysis adequacy, interpretation consistency, theoretical consistency, consensus of interpretations, interpretive distinction, integrated effectiveness, interpretive congruence Brimen, 2016, documentation regarding ethical issues Yin, 2016, transparency, methodicalness, adherence to evidence Russell et al.
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