خلاصة:
the novel ātash bedun-e dood (ātash bedoon-e dood) by nader ebrahimi is a literary work that, through psychological and sociological perspectives, explores the inner and outer experiences of its characters as they confront crises and inequalities. this article aims to investigate the role of women in reducing or managing anxiety-provoking situations. the central question is how female characters in the novel succeed—through conscious, courageous, and meaningful actions—in overcoming their own or others' situational anxiety. this research uses a descriptive-analytical method, based on qualitative content analysis of the novel's main text, focusing on the speech and behavior of female characters. the findings reveal that women such as solmaz ouchi, maral, kabtor, aynaz, kaabeh, and malan, through traits like bravery, wisdom, self-awareness, spirituality, and rationality, play a pivotal role in guiding the main characters out of critical conditions. at times with harsh words, at others through silence or purposeful support, they help restore others’ decision-making and psychological balance. it can be concluded that the women in ātash bedun-e dood are not only active agents in sociopolitical changes, but also act as rescuers and sources of inner peace in personal and psychological domains—making them especially worthy of attention in psychological and sociological readings of contemporary iranian literature.
ملخص الجهاز:
65 Scientific-Research Quarterly of Persian Language and Literature - Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj - Number 64 / Year 17 / Autumn 2025 Keywords: Fire Without Smoke, Nader Ebrahimi, Situational Anxiety, Role of Women, Personality Psychology, Contemporary Iranian Novel.
» (Kaplan, 1378:68) According to Robert Roberts, one of the causes of anxiety is the lack of accurate knowledge of things that threaten human life, and he considers the root cause of anxiety to be the potential loss of something (see Roberts, 2003: 198) Dubet is one of the individuals 69 Scientific-Research Quarterly of Persian Language and Literature - Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj - Number 64 / Year 17 / Autumn 2025 is one of the individuals who, in the field of situational anxiety and its causes, as well as ways to overcome this type of anxiety, has presented materials in his book under this same title, and in it, he has examined four main reasons—lack of love, dependency, meritocracy, and expectations—as causes of situational anxiety.
(see Frankl, Man's Search for Meaning, 1963) "Existentialism is a type of philosophy that is naturally expressed in literary form; because it gives philosophical meaning to the concrete and the particular" (Matthews, 1380: 37) In the novel Fire Without Smoke, 71 Scientific-Research Quarterly of Persian Language and Literature - Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj - Number 64 / Year 17 / Autumn 2025 Many characters are placed in such situations: Galan, Solmaz, Maral, and even Kabtar and Aynaz, in the struggle between being and becoming, choice and liberation, identity and society, many times experience a kind of psychological instability and situational anxiety.
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