خلاصة:
IntroductionThis study aims to answer the question "What are the key elements of administrative corruption in contemporary Iran?" Based on the results, the factors contributing to administrative corruption include the construction of political power; rentier government; state-controlled and non-competitive economy; political subject culture; weak civil organizations; lack of transparency, accountability, rule of law, and free media; political and administrative instability; weak judiciary and regulatory bodies; inefficient organizational structure; oversized government; the ethical standards of the governing elite; societal values; and the state of political parties and competitions. Despite the implementation of sound policies and measures in the Islamic Republic of Iran, the intended outcomes of an Islamic system in terms of preventing and addressing administrative corruption have not been realized. Furthermore, Iran’s position in the rankings of international organizations does not reflect the standards and expectations of the Islamic system and society. MethodologyThis paper employs both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Initially, studies on administrative corruption in contemporary Iran were reviewed, and the underlying causes and structural contexts were identified through qualitative content analysis. Subsequently, Open, axial, and selective (OAS) coding techniques were utilized, and their logical integration across three stages led to the determination of 20 final elements. Upon analyzing the data gathered during the open coding stage, a total of 354 concepts related to the causes and structural contexts of administrative corruption in Iran were ultimately derived.Following this, during the axial coding stage, a logical sequence is established among the identified elements. To discern patterns in the data, a constant comparative analysis is performed again. This process involves comparing and integrating the coded data into suitable components. During the axial coding phase, 20 structural elements were identified. It’s worth noting that the roots of all these elements extend beyond the era of the Islamic Republic, tracing back to the times of the first and second Pahlavi governments, and even the Qajar era. Result and DiscussionGiven the fundamental distinction between the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran and its predecessors, and its focus on revolutionary ideals, particularly the pursuit of justice and the battle against corruption, it is crucial to address the structural shortcomings in these areas. Hence, the primary recommendations are as follows: lessening reliance on oil (a policy of the siege economy/resistance economy); instituting the rule of law; emphasizing transparency and enacting relevant laws; abolishing monopoly and fostering competition; diminishing the government’s role and size; bolstering the private sector; empowering regulatory bodies; ensuring political stability; enhancing democracy and civil organizations; supporting free and independent media; reforming the administrative structure; implementing e-government; advancing access to information; facilitating a platform for public oversight; increasing accountability; fostering religious culture and lifestyle; strengthening the government’s internal controls; and promoting education and awareness.
ملخص الجهاز:
Based on the findings of this research, the causes of administrative corruption, in order, are: political power structure, rentier state, state-owned and non-competitive economy, lack of rule of law, political culture of dependency, weakness of civil institutions, lack of transparency, absence of free media, political and managerial instability, weakness of the judiciary and supervisory organizations, organizational inefficiency and structure, lack of accountability, excessive size of the state, moral status of the ruling class, societal value characteristics, and the situation of political parties and competitions.
Reducing dependence on oil, rule of law in society, increasing transparency, drafting and refining laws and regulations and monitoring their correct implementation, removing monopolies and increasing competition, reducing state intervention and the size of the state, strengthening the private sector, empowering supervisory bodies, political stability, strengthening democracy and civil institutions, strengthening and protecting free and independent media, reforming the administrative system structure, realizing electronic government, enhancing transparency and access to information, creating grounds for public supervision, increasing accountability, promoting religious culture and lifestyle, and strengthening internal controls and education and awareness enhancement, are the suggestions proposed to combat this issue.
The Law for Promoting the Integrity of the Administrative System and Combating Corruption, passed by the Islamic Consultative Assembly in 1387, also defines administrative corruption as follows: "Any act or omission committed by any natural or legal person, individually, collectively, or organizationally, intentionally and with the aim of obtaining any direct or indirect benefit or privilege for oneself or others, by violating national laws and regulations, or causing damage or loss to property, interests, resources, or the public or collective health and security of the people, such as bribery, corruption, embezzlement, collusion, abuse of administrative, political, or positional status, facilities or information, illegal receipt and payment from public resources and diversion from these resources toward illegal allocations, forgery, destruction or concealment of administrative and financial documents and records (Parliamentary Research Center, 1390/10/03).
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