خلاصة:
Abdul Basit wrote the treatise 'Risalat al-Imtiyazan da' al-Muta'akhirin min al-Mutaqaddimin' regarding literary criticism. This treatise is kept as a manuscript in the Shirani collection at the Central Library of the University of the Punjab, Lahore, and consists of thirty folios. In this version, the author addresses the characteristics of the poetry of later poets and divides them into four categories in this book. It should be noted that in the final category of the aforementioned manuscript, the author has also included words, phrases, and terminology used by later poets.
ملخص الجهاز:
com Manuscript Specifications Beginning of the treatise: "Seventh chapter, on the distinguishing characteristics of the later poets from the earlier ones: Let the gems of the jewelers of the treasures of speech criticism be known, for the characteristics of the later poets, although found in some places in the poems of the earlier poets as well" (Abd al-Basit, folio 8 verso).
Abd al-Basit has stated the aforementioned points in his treatise as follows: "Since it is necessary to be aware that the method of the later poets consists of four characteristics, one must strive to follow the path of each characteristic in order to be able to distinguish them from one another: one, that the later poets have a second hemistich similar to the first, although this meaning is not necessary everywhere; second, they dress the non-living in the clothing of the living; third, that most letters and words of comparison are not made explicit: they express representation through metonymy and allusion; fourth, several new idioms used by later poets that appeared less in the usage of the ancients, and some words whose literal meaning is one thing, but in the usage of both groups, they are employed in opposite ways (ibid.
Abd al-Basit explains these three aforementioned types as follows: "Regarding the characteristic of the correspondence of hemistichs with each other, one must note that it also has three modes: one, that there is formal and semantic similarity and suitability even in terms of meaning; second, that there is a necessary implication and semantic suitability that possesses a hidden connection to the thematic composition of the predecessors; third, that they present the theme through metaphors in a representative manner and have them opposed in the hemistichs as well" (ibid.
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