خلاصة:
Previous research has shown that if we look at our feelings, thoughts, and behaviors from the perspective of others, rather than our own, that is, if we move away from ourselves, we can more easily control them, and current research hypothesized that if we use non-first-person pronouns (e.g., "he") and our own name to name ourselves instead of first-person pronouns (e.g., "I"), It becomes easier to get away from ourselves and then control ourselves. In order to test this hypothesis, a pilot experiment and a main experiment were performed. The Pilot experiment showed that the non-first-person group reported more than the first-person group seeing themselves from the perspective of others. In the main experiment, 86 female students with an average age of 21 years from Payam Noor University of Qom were sampled by convenience method and randomly assigned to two groups of first person (who thought about future stressful events with first person pronouns) and non-first person (who thought about the future stressful events with non-first-person pronouns and their names). Trait anxiety was measured by the Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale (Leary, 1983) and state anxiety was measured by a researcher-made test. participants then performed a social interaction, and five judges rated their social performance. Repeated measures ANCOVAs showed that after social interaction, non-first-person group's state anxiety decreased faster than that of first-person group and non-first-person group received better scores in social performance.
ملخص الجهاز:
In this research, it is hypothesized that the type of language people use to refer to themselves during social anxiety affects the events that occur during and after a social interaction; thus, the findings of the current research can assist in research and clinical work related to self-control in healthy individuals and especially in clients.
For example, research shows that psychological distancing increases the self-control of children and adults when facing tempting things1 (for example, McGillicuddy-De Lisi & Sigel, 2003: 700; Fujita, Liberman, Trope, & Levin-Sagi, 2006: 355; Kober & Mischel, 2010: 14813; Rodriguez, 1993: 110).
Additionally, research has shown that looking at painful past experiences from a distanced visual perspective (the "fly on the wall" perspective) helps individuals think about those experiences in a non-ruminative way (Wilhelm, Ray, Gross, & Wilhelm, 2008: 2008; Ayduk & Kross, 2011: 133, 187; Harvey, Gruber, Johnson, & Wisco, 2009: 697; Nolen-Hoeksema, 2011: 406).
Methodology and Study Method The current research was conducted using a multimethod approach1, meaning in two stages in which the experimental method was used in both, where the goal of both stages was to answer this question: does the language people use to refer to themselves during introspection affect their ability to self-regulate during psycho-social stress or not?
Discussion and Conclusion Perhaps Ali Dayi's use of non-first-person language to refer to himself is just a habit from people's perspective, but the findings of the current research showed that referring to oneself with non-first-person language helps with self-distancing/detaching from oneself (Phase 1) and increases individuals' ability to regulate their emotions and behaviors during high psychological and social pressure (Phase 2).
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