خلاصة:
Organized crimes in the second half of the twentieth century, at a time when the international community was involved with superpowers and the Cold War, developed simultaneously with technological progress and the expansion of commercial exchanges. In fact, due to the world's attention to other matters, a new threat called organized crime was neglected, which provided the circumstances for the expansion of these dangerous types of crimes in the international community. In this regard, the international community, led by the United Nations, proposed the idea of drafting an enforceable international document in the late twentieth century to create coordination and cooperation among states to combat these crimes. Ultimately, a convention draft was prepared and opened for signature by states in December 2000 in Palermo (Italy), and it has been signed by 147 states. The Palermo Convention was prepared with the aim of promoting international cooperation towards more effective prevention and combating of crimes, and it is currently one of the law-making treaties in the international arena to which most countries have adhered. One of the most important preliminary requirements for confronting and preventing the expansion of organized criminal group activities is that the nature of these crimes requires countries to confront them through mutual assistance and cooperation. For this reason, by joining the Palermo Convention, which is the most fundamental action of the international community in combating organized crime, countries have made significant progress in fighting these crimes. Despite this necessity, the legislator of Iran has not taken significant steps toward drafting appropriate laws to combat various forms of organized crime, and existing laws in this field have been ineffective and only possess the ability to combat traditional forms of organized crime, even then incompletely. Therefore, in the present writing, using a descriptive-analytical method, organized crimes and Iran's status in the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime are addressed.
ملخص الجهاز:
In November 2000, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution, and in order for it to take the form of an international convention, a conference was held in the city of Palermo, Italy, according to paragraph (a) of Article 2 of the Palermo Convention The definition of organized crime is as follows: "A structured group of three or more persons, existing for a considerable period of time, acting in concert with the aim of committing one or more serious crimes or specific crimes as defined by this Convention in order to obtain, directly or indirectly, a financial benefit or profit 1 .
In the explanatory preamble of this bill, it is stated: Given that the Islamic Republic of Iran is a victim in some cases of transnational organized crimes such as the trafficking and buying and selling of women and children, and considering that the economic and social security of the country necessitates the prevention of the formation of criminal mafia gangs, it is appropriate for the Islamic Republic of Iran to proceed with the ratification of the International Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Palermo) based on United Nations General Assembly Resolution No. 55/25 dated November 15, 2000, so that it can benefit from the assistance, facilities, and cooperation of other governments in the fight against organized crime.
In this regard, the Palermo Convention (2000) is the most important action taken by the international community, and most countries of the world have joined it as active members, organizing their domestic laws and multilateral memorandums of understanding under its influence.
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