خلاصة:
The shape and form of social action in post-Taliban Afghanistan is different than that of the past. Government repression, militarism and the religious politics used to dominate Afghanistan in the Taliban era. However, the recently formed EnlightenmentMovement (2016) follows a peaceful approach to achieve its demands. Understanding this movement requires a basic knowledge of the modern dynamics of the political sociology of Afghanistan. This economic movement was the response of Hazara ethnicity to the shift of the electricity transmission line from Bamyan to Salang. This research investigates the background of peaceful occurrence of the Enlightenment Movement and its consequences. According to our hypothesis, democracy and modernization in Afghanistan have paved the way for the emergence of civil movements such as the Enlightenment. The hypothesis has been tested based on the collective behavior theory of Smelser. According to the findings, the increasing demand for economic justice and political participation by ethnic and religious minorities is a result of democracy in Afghanistan. Consequently, economic movements and peaceful competition over the fair distribution of energy resources (wealth) are a new form of collective action in post-Taliban Afghanistan.
ملخص الجهاز:
Previously, "government repression," "armed methods," and "political-religious nature" were relatively common characteristics of collective behaviors in Afghanistan; however, the Enlightenment Movement, by adopting a peaceful method in presenting its economic demands, is considered a different and new example of collective behavior in this country.
According to the findings of this research, democracy in Afghanistan, by increasing social awareness and emphasizing public and private rights, has led to political participation, civil demanding, and economic justice seeking by ethnic and religious minorities.
Although the discourse of democracy in post-Taliban Afghanistan has filled the country's political and social space with the emergence of collective movements, the use of peaceful methods in collective actions has received significant attention and emphasis by domestic laws, institutions, and international assemblies.
According to our hypothesis, Afghanistan's transition from an authoritarian political structure to ________________________________________________________________ 1 Turkmenistan-Uzbekistan-Tajikistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan (TUTAP) Electricity Project democratic through holding elections, freedom of assembly, and the ethnic distribution of power has been the determining factor in the peaceful approach of the Enlightenment Movement.
On one hand, the concentration of political power and the increase in demands from intellectual currents had a significant impact on the government's armed reaction; and on the other hand, the lack of legitimacy and the government's foreign dependence (from the perspective of movement leaders), which provided the ground for the intervention of other countries in Afghanistan, played an important role in the emergence of revolutionary beliefs.
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